History Hu Jintao.

Hu Jǐntāo (born December 21, 1942, age 73 years) is a politician People's Republic of China who became General Secretary of the Communist Party of China on November 15, 2002. He later became President of the People's Republic of China on March 15, 2003 until March 15, 2013.

Biography.

He was born on December 21, 1942, Jiangyan, Jiangsu. Another source said, Hu Jintao was born in Shanghai and came from a family of tea merchants who was the eldest of three siblings. Other sources also mentioned, there is the possibility of the Hu family out of Shanghai during the Japanese occupation. Hu also reported that the young grow in the district of Taizhou (Jiangsu Province) on the east coast is lush and beautiful.
His own family Jixi claim as their homeland. Based on numerous studies, there is the possibility of the family Hu Jintao had a relationship with the birth of another famous Jixi named Hu Shi, who was a poet and a scientist in the early 20th century and became an ambassador for Generalisimo Chiang Kai-shek in Washington, DC. The problem is, when Hu Jintao had a relationship with Hu Shi, it will be hard to accept at Qinghua University in the first year of implementation of the political campaign "Anti-Right" (1959). Indeed, people with the surname Hu of Jixi known as clan well educated so that Hu Jintao may fit this description.
After completing his studies in the field of Water Conservation Engineering with an A, Hu continued to work at Qinghua University as a political assistant and identified as "prospective candidate" PKT at the university. Rector of the University of Qinghua (Jiang Nanxiang) which has a close relationship with the Central Committee of the CPC and the leaders in Beijing to pay attention to it. Jiang known Qinghua often recommend students to work at the headquarters of the CCP cadres.
During the Cultural Revolution, like most young people at that time, Hu Jintao sent to the poorest provinces in China, which has quickly Gansu and promotion several times. Hu Jintao joined the CPC in 1964. In 1965, he graduated from university with an engineering degree in the field of hydraulics.
Problem of poverty has he spent in a number of poor areas in China. Ganzu began in the Province (Northwest China) as Deputy Secretary of the CCP Ganzu 1980. Its chairman (Song Ping) were also graduates of Qinghua later became one of the leaders of the CCP conservative. Song introduced Hu to Hu Yaobang in 1982, and was appointed Deputy Secretary of the Communist Youth League leader Hu Yaobang.
Indeed, it became unusual and should be noted that Hu Jintao was able to work for the leader of the conservative group (Song Ping) and moderates (Hu Yaobang). This shows that Hu Jintao had an open mind and carefully. In 1985, he became Secretary of the CCP in Guizhou Province (China Southwestern) and showed a good reputation as a leader and seek to understand the problems experienced by people in the poor areas.
In 1988, Hu was appointed as Secretary of the CPC Tibet. This is the office that add to the controversy in a career that was previously very quiet and efficient. The riots appeared in Tibet before he arrived in Lhasa. In March 1988 the large demonstrations were then crushed with violence. Emergency laws in force, then a precedent imposed in Beijing in the face of pro-democracy movement in Tiananmen Square.
Since then he never allowed compromise on any action to separate Tibet from China, so he is considered responsible for the death of the Panchen Lama (the second highest spiritual leader in Tibetan). His name is also involved in the case of Tiananmen, which killed 218 civilians and 23 soldiers and 7,000 people were wounded in early 1989.
In 1990, he spent his time in Beijing and was selected to organize preparation of the 14th CCP Congress (1992). Congress has become important as a regulator of the transition of power after the leadership of Deng Xiaoping. In that congress, Deng Xiaoping promoted Hu Jintao of the provincial party secretary entered the room to power as "cadres across generations".
When lead PKT School since 1993, Hu Jintao made changes to encourage open discussion addressed the issue of reform. The trajectory of his career shows that he is able to work effectively. More than ten years are willing to wait and it seems he has accumulated power and initiative. His position as a substitute Jiang Zemin increasingly evident in 1998 when he became Vice President and Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission in 1999.
Congress PKT-October 16, 2002 to confirm it as the leader of China. Congress ended by selecting nine members of the Politburo Standing Committee of the CCP General Secretary Hu Jintao as the core of the Chinese leadership. Various criticisms directed at him. In the book China's New Rulers citing China's top-secret document mentions Hu habits faithful and obedient. Gradually, he gained their respect and support regional and political spectrum.
Post becoming full when serving head of state in 2003. He succeeded Jiang Zemin resigned as Chairman of the Communist Party (2004), Chairman of the Military Commission of the Communist Party (2004), and Chairman of the Military Commission of the People's Republic of China. He served as President of the People's Republic of China until 2013. On March 13, 2013, after a vote in a parliamentary meeting in Beijing, he was replaced by Xi Jinping as President of the People's Republic of China.

China under the leadership of Hu Jintao.

Monday, October 22, 2007 Hu Jintao re-elected as Secretary General of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in Beijing, at the time of the five-yearly congress of the Chinese Communist Party. Hu Jintao who is still serving as president of China is not even seen smiling, he looks cool respond reelection became secretary general of the Communist Party of China. Hu Jintao 64 years was also appointed as chairman of the military commission that leads China's 2.3 million soldiers, who officially loyal to the Communist Party rather than to the state. However, Hu is not a single word expressing the efforts that have been made both himself and his supporters in maintaining power for the next five years. In fact, academics and the media have been observed lunge Hu.
Behind her calm and do not like to spit a comment, Hu
since leading China in the last five years successfully plugged its influence in the political and military power as well get rid of competitors, especially Vice President Zeng Qinghong, from the membership of the Central Committee of the CCP's Politburo. In the last five years. Hu Jintao as the General Secretary of the CCP issued a policy several political reforms for the country, but reassure elite Communist Party that the party would remain dominant. "As an important part of the overall reform, political restructuring must continue to be deepened along with economic and social development. In order to deepen political restructuring, we must keep abreast of political orientation benar.kita must uphold the leadership role of the party in the center, so it says Hu Jintao ,
Behind this success, major challenges await Hu. Hu political victory is not absolute. The modern era of China's current leaders are no longer feared such a period of Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping. , The party leaders instead must work collectively, prioritizing consensus and coalitions. Anticipating the situation, Hu should prepare young cadres who could replace him when he arrived saatnya.untuk retreat from power.
Hu Jintao, who led the People's Republic of China is almost more than five years has managed to continue the program of pendahulinyaDeng Xioaping, Jiang Zemin for the economic transformation of the nation of "communist-socialist" to "communist-capitalist." In the last two decades of communist China successfully boost economic growth average double digits. But Hu Jintao today that still serves as the President has priorities that are more specific, ie maintain a rapid growth rate, reforming the bureaucracy more responsive despite still not democratic, and increased social spending to improve the lives of urban and rural poor. Such policies have become dogma CCP. Such steps have been initiated by Hu and Prime Minister Wen Jiabao when it first came to power in 2002. Shortly after taking office, Hu and Wen together with the farmers in Mongolia and the miners. The moment became a symbol of the government of Hu. Economic transformation in China on the one hand has improved the lives of the people, on the other hand also widens social inequalities and income between the rich with the poor comrades.
By looking at the state as such, Hu and his deputy Wen Jiabao change and loosen rules that allow the villagers - who have worked as farmers and factory workers with low salaries - moving to the city. The government also improved the social welfare networks to help pensioners and victims of layoffs companies that went bankrupt or restructured.
Although still faced with great social inequality, Hu administration in the last five years managed to improve the economic status of China's sixth-largest economy into the fourth largest in the world. The rapid growth of China's economy today pose a tremendous pollution that could harm the interests of long-term industry. For that the government this time, Hu also prioritize improvement efforts without compromising environmental protection industry interests. In addition, the central government seeks to boost revenue from local revenue at the same time combating bureaucratic corruption. The problem is, the Hu government efforts are not taken seriously by local authorities. Just a few local governments are willing to close factories producing severe pollution and finance programs of public health services of their budget.
Perkonomian advancement of China would improve the position of the country in the international world. China now wants to attempt to shift the US hegemony in Asia in particular. Goods imported commodities China is currently in Asia kapasitasnaya melebehi commodity goods from America. With the rapid economic development of China makes bold to make themselves as Olympic host. This is a remarkable achievement, where there are Asian countries that dare to host the grand event of the international community, namely the Olympic Games. China alone is sure to be the Olympic host city Beijing, which was centered in the State Capital of China. China under the leadership of Hu Jintao hosted the Olympics in 2008 wants to prove himself as the new Country Strong who was born in Asia. In the implementation of the 2008 Olympics, China has a target in addition to being a good host, wants all the overall champion in the medals table in all sports. China's desire is reasonable, because at the last Olympics in Sydney in 2004, China was at number two under the United States and differ only three gold medals. Capitalize the host and powered directly by the Chinese People make China more confident in facing the 2008 Olympics in Beijing. Based on the history of the Olympics, which managed to sit in the order of two major Olympics acquisition is State Super Power is the Soviet Union and the United States are always competing in memperubutkan position bully.
In preparation for the campaign to meet the Beijing Olympics, the Chinese government has set up some preparation, among others by creating policies that can be replicated by Indonesia mingkin that every long holiday season, the state imposed a ban on use of personal vehicles on public roads. For the public, and anyone who wishes to travel, alternative options chosen vehicle is public transportation such as bus and train. An example of this can be seen as in the city of Fu Yang, inland areas in the city of Anhui. There may be only a passing public bus to transport passengers to various destinations. This policy came into effect in October 2007. By creating this new policy,. The local government finances could save China reached US $ 160,000 for the purchase of fuel. The new rules are also said to be widely supported among the public. At the end of last month as an initial promotion, China imposed a "No Car In A Day" in 108 cities to welcome the Beijing Olympics next year. Although not as expected, but the idea of ​​driving prohibition is the best decision given the level of pollution in China ahead of the Olympics has been very severe. This pollution comes primarily from industrial and other human activities that use coal and other fossil fuels.
In addition the Chinese government will welcome the Beijing Olympics, has been preparing for the construction of a new airport terminal in Beijing on Wednesday 19, 2007. With billions of dollars of budget funds China seeks to build a new airport with the design of a glass and steel structure is very large with graceful curve of the roof is guaranteed will give the impression to the visitors in the Chinese capital during the Olympics mid 2008. terminal 3 at Beijing Capital International Airport is a major Olympic projects designed to reduce the burden of the previous two airport terminals and accommodate the rapid growth of the city up to seven years. The airport is planned to be tested in February 2008 and is equipped with advanced baggage control system and a rail terminal to carry passengers into the city and the border. Runway capable of accommodating super jumbo Airbus A380 aircraft. The terminal building alone cost 21 billion yuan (US $ 2.8 billion). Meanwhile, 35 billion yuan (US $ 4.6 billion) is the overall cost required to build the supporting infrastructure.
After some renewed infrastructure to welcome the Olympics less than a year away its implementation, as host China have been preparing halal food for Muslim athletes and officials before and during the implementation of the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, while ensuring the safety and security of food and beverages. This is in accordance with the spoken by the Deputy Minister of Administration General of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of China (AQSIQ) Wei Chuan Zhong, in Beijing at the time suggested in the press at home and abroad related to the readiness of China to prepare food for the athletes and officials who will compete 2008 Olympic Games Hu Jintao as leader of the Country People's Republic of China a major part in advancing the economy and China's industrial past five years, and the success of China became the host of the Olympics 2007 is capable of defeating some host other into one piece of evidence of how the advance of the PRC under the leadership of Hu Jintao.

Do not Forget The greatness of President Hu Jintao.

Judging from the political and human rights, China is one of the world ulcers. However, look at the economic side of China, at least in the last 10 years, when Hu Jintao became president, China's economic performance is very outstanding. Although there is a task that did not materialize, such as the overhaul of the political system remains rigid, environmental pollution, social unrest, Hu great success a matter of economic development.
China calls the main media in the era of Hu's leadership as the era of greatness. The magnitude of China's economy, which in 2002 is only slightly larger than Italy, is now the number two economic power in the world after the US. Under Hu, China won the respect of the world, such as the implementation of the Beijing Olympics in 2008. The US media, such as CBS and Fox News, also presents a successful Hu from an economic standpoint.

Deng Yuwen, an editor at the government-owned daily, said there is a problem that also appeared. However, Hu has approved the appointment of Xi Jinping, a reformist, who is ready melajutkan tertuntaskan task. Joseph Fewsmith, an expert on China from Boston University, said China will not become a democracy. Many things still come under state control. However, Hu relatively successful with the motto theme of a harmonious society.
There are no perfect leaders and countries in the world. However, Hu Jintao has met the wishes of many residents, at least for free from absolute poverty, which for decades became the main color of China.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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DatePublished: May 16, 2015 at 10:37

Tag : History, Hu Jintao.

History of Evo Morales.

President of Bolivia 80th.

Juan Evo Morales Ayma (born in Orinoca, Oruro, Bolivia, October 26, 1959, age 56 years), popularly known as Evo (IPA: [eβ̞o]) is the President of Bolivia and became the first native to the post of head of state since the Spanish colonization more than 470 years ago. This claim caused controversy, because there are mestizos previous presidents.
Morales is a socialist and comes from the Indians (Aymara) and was inaugurated as president on January 22, 2006.
Morales is the leader of the left wing movement cocalero Bolivia- a loose federation of campesino coca leaf growers against efforts of the US government to eradicate coca in Chapare province in southeast Bolivia. Morales also is the leader of the political party Movement to Socialism (Movimiento al Socialismo, by its abbreviation in Spanish MAS, which means "more"), which is involved in the War Gas, together with many other groups, commonly referred to as "social movement" ,
In the 2002 presidential election, Morales took second place, a disappointing surprise for Bolivia's traditional parties. This immediately makes the indigenous activist is well-known throughout the American continent. Morales said that almost earned victory was partly caused by the comments burn addressed to him by the US ambassador to Bolivia Manuel Rocha, and mentioned that they help "awaken the conscience of the people". Morales was finally elected president in elections in 2005, after the crisis caused by problems with the gas industry.

Biography.
Political career.

When he saw that the social struggle of the coca farmers need to be upgraded into a political movement, the party named MAS led by Evo Morales became a political force that is the largest and strongest in Bolivia. Through the campaign who openly condemn the crimes of multinational corporations, criticized the practices of neoliberalism and globalization conducted by the IMF, World Bank, and WTO, Evo Morales was also much talk about the importance of the Bolivian control the management of natural gas, which is the reserve huge in the Latin American continent. Morales also said that he does not like capitalism. Spanish colonial history in Bolivia shows that the massive looting of Bolivia that form the earth's riches lead only to the wealth of the capitalists Spain, while those of Indian tribes, which constitute the majority of the population, do not get nothing or very little.
During the economic reforms in the 1990s, the former miners began to also grow coca and contribute Bolivian economy increasing in production and international drug smuggling. This is a hiccup and not smooth when the administration of President Hugo Banzer to seek the elimination of drugs that supported the United States in the mid-1990s. From that moment appeared the tensions with the clashes and protests.
As the leader of the cocaleros, Morales was elected to Congress in 1997. He represents the Bolivian province of Chapare and Carrasco de Cochabamba with 70% of votes in the district. This is the largest number among 68 MPs are elected directly in the election.

Birth and family.

Morales was born in Orinco, a mining town in the region of Oruro, in the Altiplano (Plateau area) Bolivia. Like many indigenous people in the Highlands, the family moved to the lowlands in eastern Bolivia in the early 1980s. His family settled in Chapare. There they became farmers, including tree planting coca, the raw material needed to produce cocaine.

Election 2002.
Dismissal of members of Congress.

In January 2002, he was fired from his seat in Congress because of terrorism charges related to the riots. Demonstrators opposed to the abolition of the planting of coca in Sacaba that month. Four coca growers, three soldiers and a police officer were killed. However, there is mention dismissal due to a variety of heavy pressure from the United States embassy demanding that he be removed from government.

Candidacy to be president.

He announced his nomination in the 2002 presidential and congressional elections were held on 27 June 2002. The Congress had claimed that his dismissal was unconstitutional in March. However, he did not reclaim his seat in Congress until a new Congress was sworn in on August 4, 2002. Although MAS collects only 4% of the vote in the poll, but the party was able to use its resources were limited to holding an imaginative and exciting campaign a lot of attention.
The party left the traditional campaign tactics by handing out T-shirts, baseball caps, calendars, and other political souvenirs. A television advertisement depicts a waiter Bolivia native Indian tribes appealed to the masses in order to vote according to conscience and not like what was ordered by the employer or boss. MAS reimburse government aid of approximately US $ 200,000 given to each political party.
In addition to utilizing displeasure of the people against the US presence and US Ambassador to Bolivia (Manuel Rocha) in particular, MAS also distributed a poster with a photo of Morales were great in the middle. On it was written: "Nation Bolivia: Decides you. Who is Mighty, Rocha or the Voice of the People?" letters big ones. The poster has a huge impact. Hundreds of thousands of posters printed.
None of the mainstream political party candidates who want to argue Bolivia with Morales. They mocked MAS as the "party of subsistence." He also said that it is not interested in arguing with them. "People want me to argue is Ambassador Rocha - I prefer to argue with the owner of the circus, not the clowns," he said to the media.
In a speech delivered in the presence of President Jorgue Quiroga, Rocha said,
"I want to remind voters Bolivia that if you elect those who want to make Bolivia the country of export cocaine principal again, it will threaten the help of the United States on the future of Bolivia."  in particular those who live in areas that are generally Altiplano is a native communities still flocking choose MAS. Bolivians gave 20.94% of the vote. The difference is only a few points behind the total votes obtained by the winning party. Afterwards, Morales said, "Every statement made Rocha to fight we actually have helped us grow and awaken the conscience of the people."

Being a strong opposition in Congress.

Because he refused to compromise, even some people considered to be extreme, Morales and MAS are not included in the coalition government. Coalition ultimately determine Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada) as president. Thus, under the leadership of Morales' MAS entered Congress as a strong opposition party.
Evo Morales and the MAS does not have a clear program, but it is clear who is opposed. He was a clever orator burning spirit. But the alternative proposal is less clear. However, Morales did not see much hope of government. He considers the government is corrupted from within and dimaniplasi from outside by foreign interests. For him, the most needed by the poor Bolivian campesinos are autonomous, equal opportunities, and access to land.
In response to the killing of seven protesters by the Armed Forces at the time of the Bolivian Gas War, the Bolivian Workers Union (COB) called a general strike indefinitely on Sept. 29, 2003. Morales and MAS refused to participate. They are more focused in an attempt to seize power in the elections of 2004. In the region of the 2002 general elections, he encouraged people to vote for the MAS. His comments were sharp from the United States ambassador earned him second place. Of course this is a surprise for the traditional parties. Morales nearly elected president. Thus unique event never happened before. It makes the indigenous community activists immediately became celebrities in the South American continent.

Election 2005.
Acceleration election.

Morales was involved in organizing the protests that continued in the capital in June 2005. Because of the pressure, eventually forced President Carlos Mesa to resign. As a result of the increasing sense of dissatisfaction and anxiety of the people, the Constitutional Congress of Bolivia and President Eduardo Rodriguez decided to speed up the election of 2007 to December 2005.
Carlos Mesa, was elected Vice President and served under President Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada resign twice although the first rejection by the Congress. He became president when Sanchez de Lozada was forced to resign in 2003. Both events folk revival is caused mainly due to the leadership of Morales, particularly after a nearly yearlong unofficially he participated as an ally in the government of President Mesa.
At a meeting of farmers who celebrated the 10th anniversary of MAS in March 2005, Morales declared that "MAS is ready to rule Bolivia," because the party has "consolidated its position as a political force [main] in this country." However, he acknowledged that "the problem is not again win the election, but how to govern this country."
Early opinion polls have put Morales and the Movement Towards Socialism in a balanced position with two other figures, the center and right-wing leader as well as an urban majority leader, Jorge Quiroga and Samuel Doria Medina, with little difference in the numbers. All this shows how difficult it is to guess the results of the presidential election of Bolivia 2005.
On August 21, 2005, Morales has chosen running mate for the presidential election in December 2005, a left-wing ideologue, sociologists, mathematicians, and political analyst, Alvaro García Linera, who fought side by side with Felipe Quispe as part of Ejercito Guerrillero Tupac Katari (EGTK).
On December 4, 2005, Morales constantly excel in various polls with about 32% of the vote. There are more than 100,000 election judges who have been sworn in as the country is preparing to hold elections on 18 December 2005. The second candidate, 'Tuto' Quiroga, of PODEMOS party, get about 27% of the vote, while Samuel Doria Medina just below 15 % of the vote. All these parties promised national solidarity, nationalization (in varying degrees) to the hydro-carbon, and the wealth of the people.

Won the presidential election.

Evo Morales emerged as the winner in the presidential election of Bolivia. The results of vote counting at random from those who finished voting (exit poll) showed that Morales has exceeded the minimum threshold of 50% of votes needed. Previous exit polls showed that he had usurped 42% -45% of the vote, well ahead of former president Jorge Quiroga. Quiroga himself has admitted defeat and congratulated Morales.
In Sunday's elections, Bolivia also elected a parliament or a new Congress and governors. According to Bolivia's electoral law, if no one candidate received 50% of the minimum amount of noise, then the election will not be followed by a second round, but the decision will be taken by the Congress.
On December 21, 2005, the electoral commission announced that Morales has been confirmed as the winner of the election. He obtained 54.3 percent of the vote with 93 percent of the vote counted, according to official results. His victory shows support of the people is greater than the previous presidents since democracy was restored in the country two decades ago. Once elected, he said he would cut in half the salary for the sake of expansion of employment.
The Morales government has received congratulations and political support from all the presidents in the region, as well as a number of European leaders and US President George W. Bush.

Ideology.
Morales outlines the driving force behind the MAS,

"The most evil enemy of humanity is capitalism. That is encouraging as we have experienced insurgency, rebellion against a system, against the neo-liberal model, which is a representation of a savage capitalism. If the entire world does not acknowledge this reality, that the national states do not provide even the most minimal needs of health, education, and nutrition to the people, then every day human rights are being violated the most fundamental. "
He once stated,
"... Ideological principles of the organization, anti-imperialist and contrary to neo-liberalism, clearly and firmly, but members still have to turn it into reality berprogram. "
Morales said the importance of the establishment of a Constituent Assembly to transform the state of Bolivia. He also proposed the formation of a law hydro-carbon new ones to ensure the 50% result for Bolivia, although MAS has also shown interest to nationalize total on Bolivian gas and oil industry.
Morales once expressed admiration towards indigenous Guatemalan activist, Rigoberta Menchu ​​Tum, and Fidel Castro. He was amazed to Castro for his opposition to the US. Morales also believe that the cocaine problem should be solved on the consumption side, not to regulate the coca plant, which is already legal in certain areas in Bolivia.
Morales ideology about drugs can be summarized in the words "the coca leaf is not a drug". In fact, chewing coca leaves has become a tradition for local communities (Aymara and Quechua) and the effect of the medicine is not as strong as caffeine found in coffee, but for many Bolivians who are poor is considered as the only way to work all day-for some that person could mean 15 to 18 hours a day. The practice of chewing coca leaf by the indigenous population in Bolivia has lasted over 1000 years and never caused the drug problem in their community. That is why Morales believes that the cocaine problem should be solved on the consumption side, not to eradicate coca plantations.
The Morales government sharply divided on the issue with the United States anti-drug legislation and cooperation between the two countries, but officials from both countries have expressed a desire to cooperate in eradicating drug trafficking. Sean McCormack of the US State Department strengthen support for the anti-drug policies of Bolivia, while Morales stated:
"We will implement a policy of zero cocaine, zero drug trafficking, but not zero coca. "

State Visit.

Before sworn in as president, he has held international visits in important countries on 4 continents. Among other things he has visited Spain, France, Belgium, South Africa, China and Brazil, to meet with various heads of state and world leaders. He has met with French president Jacques Chirac, head of the European Union Javier Solana, the Dutch foreign minister Ben Bot, Chinese president Hu Jintao, and presidents Lula of Brazil.
The international press a lot of preaching about this lightning visit, including the privilege of Evo Morales on his clothes during a meeting with various prominent figures in many of the country. Because, in this visit he always wore simple clothes, that sort of leather jacket or clothing made with alpaca sweater (many traditional clothing materials made the Indians). So simple, so matter of clothing Evo Morales highlighted by some mass media of various countries more than political. Some think that this simple clothes, even without wearing a tie, lack of respect for protocol.
On December 29, 2005, Evo Morales international touring portrayed by outstanding Latin American media. For 2 weeks, Morales visited several countries in the search for political and economic support for his agenda in the transformation of Bolivia. It is said that this visit be the breakthrough tradition for decades in which the first international goal by Bolivia was elected US president.

The timeline Morales travels around the world.

December 30, 2005 :
Evo Morales visited Cuba after celebrating his victory in his hometown Orinoca. In Havana Morales was greeted with a red carpet and get a complete honor of President Fidel Castro. Morales signed a cooperation agreement between Bolivia and Cuba which contains the promise of Cuba to assist Bolivia in issues such as health and education. In his speech Morales describe Castro and Chávez as a "comrade in the struggle for the liberation of the American continent and the world".
January 3, 2006 :
Meet with Hugo Chávez in Caracas. Chavez offers Bolivia 150 000 barrels per month of diesel oil to replace imports from other countries. Instead, Bolivia will pay Venezuela with agricultural products from Bolivia.
January 4, 2006 :
Spanish Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero receives Morales in La Moncloa Palace. Zapatero announced the abolition of Bolivia's debt to Spain amounted to 120 million euros.
January 5, 2006 :
King Juan Carlos receives Morales in his palace in La Zarzuela. Spanish media criticized Morales for formal dress, wearing only a sweater made of alpaca wool with Amerindian motifs and colors in his meeting with the king. At the same time José María Aznar announced that he would use his personal fundraising organization against Castro, Morales and Chávez.
January 6, 2006 :
Met with French President Jacques Chirac in Paris. Chirac promised economic aid and political as far as the French investments in Bolivia are protected. On the same day he met with Dutch Foreign Minister Ben Bot, promising a grant of € 15 million per year.
January 7, 2006 :
Met with Javier Solana in Brussels also pledged economic support to Bolivia in exchange for the protection of European investments in Bolivia.
January 9, 2006 :
Hu Jintao and met with Chinese Commerce Minister Bo Xilai. Morales invited the businessmen and the Chinese government to invest in projects of exploration and exploitation of natural gas and participate in the construction of gas refineries in Bolivia.
January 10, 2006 :
Morales received in Pretoria by South African President Thabo Mbeki. Morales compare Black African nation visit during Apartheid to visit Amerindian nations in the Americas.
January 11, 2006 :
Met with Archbishop Desmond Tutu, who described him as a man who 'was very humble and warm', as well as with former president F.W. de Klerk.
January 13, 2006 :
Visit Brazil and meet with President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva and described it as "a comrade and a brother." Morales and Lula agreed to cooperate in ending poverty program.

Simplicity Bolivian President Evo Morales.

Bolivian President Juan Evo Morales Ayma is known as a simple and close to the people. One form of proximity, Morales often involved in a football match which is his favorite sport.

Name the president who started to lead Bolivia since 2005 was recorded as a player in a local football club. He also gets paid, just like professional players.

At the club stands for, Sport Boys, Morales received a fee of USD 214. This fee is the lowest paid player at the club based in the province of Santa Cruz.

Some simplicity Morales that we have outlined are:

1. Playing in the football club with the lowest paid.
President Evo Morales is known as a football fan. As a form of love of the round leather, Morales joined the football club Sport Boys.
In a club based in the province of Santa Cruz, Morales became the player with the lowest paid, ie USD 214. In each game, Morales got the jersey number 10 to play for 20 minutes.
"He loved football and he plays well," said club president, Mario Cronenbold, as quoted by the BBC.

2. Follow a football match to raise funds.
Along with football legend? balls Argentina, Diego Maradona, Bolivian President Evo Morales participated in a charity match. The charity match aimed to flood victims in Bolivia.
As quoted by the BBC, the game that brought Argentina and Bolivia won by Argentina with a score of 7-4. In a match that lasted 2008 ago, Maradona produce a hat trick and Morales scored one goal.
The advantage of this match will be donated in the form of food. During the match, about 20 thousand spectators screamed the names of the two men.

3. Suffering a broken nose while playing soccer.
Besides known as football fans, Bolivian President Evo Morales also advanced in the round leather processing.
Not infrequently, Morales participated match involving professional football club. Not infrequently, in one match, Morales injured.
One was when he when playing for his local club, Independence Warriors. In a match which ended 2-2, Morales injured when the goalkeeper offense to him.
After the match, Morales did not blame the keeper. After receiving treatment, Morales requested a full rest.

4. Reject if name is used as the name of the airport.
President Evo Morales refused when his name was put forward as the name of the airport in the province of Oruro. In fact, most people who are supporters of Morales submitted his name as a form of respect.
"I never asked if there is a building or a project called Evo Morales," said Morales was quoted as saying by the BBC.
Giving the name of Evo Morales to the airport Oruro who have obtained the international certificate of rejection had occurred in 2007. Most residents of Oruro urged to keep using the name Juan Mendoza, the local hero and pioneer in the aviation industry.
Hearing of this contradiction, the president who served from 2005 to give them to the public. He estimated that this rejection is ridden with political issues.
"I do not know their purpose, there may be a political issue, but let them decide and do not involve me," he said.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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Albania history.

Geography.

Albania is situated on the east coast of the Adriatic Sea, with Montenegro and Serbia in the north, Macedonia to the east, and Greece in the south. Slightly larger than Maryland, Albania consists of two main areas: the mountainous region of plateaus (north, east, and south) which represents 70% of the land area, and the western region of the coastal lowlands that contains almost all agricultural land state and part of the most populous in Albania.

Government

Appears democracy.

History.

A part of Illyria in antiquity and later Roman Empire, Albania was ruled by the Byzantine Empire 535-1204. An alliance (1444-1466) of the head of Albania failed to halt the advance of the Ottoman Turks, and the country remained under Turkish rule at least nominally for more than four centuries, until proclaimed its independence on 28 November 1912.
Most of the farm, Albania is one of the poorest countries in Europe. A battlefield in World War I, after the war it became a republic in which the conservative Muslim landlords, Ahmed Zogu, declared himself president in 1925 and King (Zog I) in 1928. He ruled until Italy annexed Albania in 1939 . Militants communists under Enver Hoxha seized power in 1944, towards the end of World War II. Hoxha is a devotee of Stalin, mimicking the repressive tactics of the Soviet leader, imprison or execute landowners and others that is incompatible with socialist ideals. Hoxha finally broke with Soviet communism in 1961 because of differences with Khrushchev and then aligned himself with communist China, which was also abandoned in 1978 after the death of Mao. Since then Albania went his own way to forge the individual versions of the socialist state and became one of the most isolated - and economically underdeveloped - countries in the world. Hoxha was replaced by Ramiz Alia in 1982.

Moving Toward Democracy.

Elections in March 1991 giving the Communists a majority dictates. But the general strike and street demonstrations soon forced the cabinet all - Communists to resign. In June 1991, the Communist Party renamed itself the Workers' Socialist Party and left ideologies of the past. The opposition Democratic Party won a landslide victory in elections in 1992, and Sali Berisha, a former cardiologist, became the first elected president of Albania. The following year, the former Communists, including Ramiz Alia and former prime minister, Fatos Nano, was jailed on charges of corruption.
But Albania experiment with democratic reform and free market economy went chaotic havoc in March 1997, when a large number of its citizens invested in pyramid schemes get - rich-quick shade. When five of these schemes collapsed in the early years, Albania robbed of about $ 1.2 billion in savings, angry Albania 'turned against the government, which seems to give approval for a national fraud. Riots broke out, the country's fragile infrastructure collapsed, and gangsters and rebels overran the country, plunging into virtual anarchy. A multinational protection force eventually restored order and organize elections that formally ousted President Sali Berisha.
In the spring of 1999, Albania was deeply involved in the affairs of fellow ethnic Albanians in northern Kosovo. Albania served as a post for NATO troops and took approximately 440,000 Kosovo refugees, about half the number of ethnic Albanians were driven from their homes in Kosovo.

Political strife Warung Progress

Ilir Meta, elected prime minister in 1999, quickly moving forward in the first few years to modernize the economy, privatization of businesses, fight crime, and reform of the judicial and tax systems. He resigned in January 2002, frustrated by political infighting. In June 2002, the former general Alfred Moisiu was elected president, supported by both Socialist (led by Fatos Nano) and Democrats (led by Sali Berisha), in an effort to end the unproductive political fractiousness that has deadlocked the government. Political duel between Nano and Berisha continued, however, and little visible improvement in living standards Albania. In the 2005 elections, Berisha replaced Nano, which has been designated by Moisiu in 2002 as prime minister.
Bamir Topi, a scientist and a senior member of the Democratic Party Berisha, elected president by parliament in July 2007.
Albania joined NATO in May 2009 and later in the month applied for membership in the European Union.
In July elections of 2009, the closest since 1990, Berisha's center-right coalition narrowly defeated opposition socialists, led by Edi Rama. The opposition accuses Berisha denied the results and voter intimidation.

Recently the President of Albania on the New Are Chosen.

After three unsuccessful attempts to elect a president, parliament finally succeeded on June 11, 2012, when the Interior Minister Bujar Nishani was elected with 73 votes out of 140 seats. Flamur Noka named a new interior minister and Edmond Panariti become foreign minister.

President Bamir Topi.

President of Albania
Length of service
July 24, 2007 - July 24,, 2012.
Myrteza Bamir Topi (/ Bamir Topi.oggba'miɾ 'tɔpi /, born 24 April 1957) [1] is the 5th President of Albania who served since July 24, 2007 until July 24, 2012. He is also the Honorary President of the football club KF Albania Tirana.

Early life and public activities.
Hat was born in Tirana on 24 April 1957, and graduated from the Agricultural University of Tirana to study veterinary medicine with a high value. He holds a Ph.D in the same field. In 1984, he was appointed as a Scientific Researcher at the Scientific Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine until 1995. During the period from 1987 to 1990, he attended post-graduate studies in Italy in the field of Molecular Biology. After returning from Italy, Topi was appointed Director of the Institute of Food Safety and Veterinary Medicine, a position he held until the end of 1995. During the activities in this institution as a Director and Scientific Research, Hat provides physiognomy of the Western world's major state institutions. In addition to her work as a Scientific Researcher, Hats has been conducting solid academic education in the curriculum of Pharmacology Toxicology and subjects for students and graduate students of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine while at the same time he was also a lecturer in these subjects for about a decade. He was first elected as a parliamentarian Assembly of Albania in 1996 and was appointed as the Minister of Agriculture and Food, where he served until 1997. He was elected to three mandates in the Assembly of Albania as a candidate for the Democratic Party of Albania. In two terms, Topi led the Parliamentary Group of the Democratic Party in the Assembly. He has been elected deputy chairman of the Democratic Party of Albanians, led by Sali Berisha. Hats have been distinguished and widely praised as a politician of moderated profile, as a very active role in resolving the crisis between the ruling majority and opposition and as a protagonist of political agreements and various parliamentary initiatives. He also holds the title of Honorary President of the football club KF Tirana of Albania.
             

President of Albania.

On March 8, 2007, Topi said that he would be the candidate of the ruling Democratic Party in the presidential election of 2007. Various parties, Christian Democrats and Republicans said that they would probably support it. Parliament took four tries, and the opposition finally Gave up and Elected Hats, a choice of Prime Minister Sali Berisha.
In the voting held on July 8, Topi won 75 votes in parliament. It is not enough to be elected president, because at least 84 votes required. The opposition, led by the Socialist Party, boycotted the vote. The second round of voting for the presidential election held on 10 July. Parliament still failed to elect a president, this time Topi received 74 vote. On July 14, another ballot is held, this time, Topi won only 50 votes, while Neritan Ceka from the Democratic Alliance Party won 32.
On July 20, in the fourth round of the vote, Topi was supported by several members of the opposition and won 85 votes, so that the elected President of the Republic of Albania for a term of five years. He was sworn in on 24 July. [7]
Official cap resigned his position as deputy chairman of the Democratic Party of Albania and at the same time withdrew from his party. He is considered the political impartiality.

Support for the independence of Kosovo.

Hats have become a vocal supporter of independence for Kosovo. He staunchly showed the need for a sovereign state of Kosovo before the Council of Europe and other international examples.
With the joint invitation of President of Kosovo, Fatmir Sejdiu and the head of the United Nations mission, Joachim Ruecker, Topi stayed for a three-day visit in Kosovo in January 2009. He was declared an honorary citizen of the capital Pristina and awarded with a gold medal, Goddess Throne. During his visit, he was also awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Pristina.

Appreciation.

Knight Grand Cross of the Grand Order of King Tomislav ( "For outstanding contributions to the development and improvement of relations between the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Albania." - 7 April 2009)
Doctor Honoris Causa from the University of Pristina (January 25, 2008)
Honorary Citizens Pristina (January 26, 2008)
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DatePublished: May 13, 2016 at 11:42

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President of Algeria.

Abdelaziz Bouteflika was President since 27 April 1999
Algerian president is head of state and chief executive officer in Algeria, as well as the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces of Algeria.

Position history.

Tripoli Program which serves as the constitution of Algeria when it won in the war of independence from France in 1962 to form the office of President as head of state with the Prime Minister to help in governing the country. Internal political maneuvering produce a new constitution in 1963 which abolished the position of Prime Minister and devolution of all powers in the executive office of the President. During the first four decades of independence government controlled one-party state by the National Liberation Front, or FLN. The President is held by a succession of FLN members; Ahmed Ben Bella, Houari Boumedienne and Chadli Bendjedid. The Constitution was written in 1976 in order to retain executive powers of the Presidency, but modifications in 1979 stripped the heads of government from office status.
Towards the end of the 1980s, there FLN regime liberalization. However, when the Islamic Salvation Front won the parliamentary elections in 1991, the military forced Chadli to dissolve parliament and Bendjedid resigned on January 11, 1992. The military declared martial law and take over the government of the country, set up a five-member High Council of State. Council shall appoint a President, Mohammed Boudiaf to take a position in a period of three years to facilitate the transfer back to a normal election to the position of president. However, Boudiaf was murdered and replaced by Ali Kafi. While the country was experiencing a period of civil war between the government army and Islamist rebels. Kafi was replaced in 1994 by the so-called Liamine Zeroual's first election in 1995, won a full five-year term easily disputed election as a civil war. He called another election in early 1999, with the Islamic insurgency largely suppressed. Abdelaziz Bouteflika won the election in 1999 after all the other candidates withdraw. He won re-election on April 8, 2004 in elections that also contested and won again in 2009 elections was relatively unmatched; his term ends in 2014.

Abdelaziz Bouflika.

Full Name: Abdelaziz Bouflika
Alias: Abdelaziz | Bouflika
Profession: Bureaucrats
Islam
Place of Birth: Morocco
Date of Birth: Tuesday, March 2, 1937
Zodiac: Pisces
Citizen: Algeria

Biography.

Abdelaziz Bouteflika is a leader of the Algerian War of Independence and served as Minister of Youth and Sports of the independence of Algeria in 1962. In the next leadership, he was appointed as Minister of Foreign Affairs and a member of board of representatives in the legislature.
During his tenure as Foreign Minister Al-Jazair he became a member of a very prominent on the international community and respected as the leader of NAM for the nations who do not want to take part in the western bloc, the United States capitalist and the eastern bloc, the Soviet Union is a socialist.
In 1965, he was promoted as the head organizer group by Ahmed Ben Bella. He quit as Foreign Minister in 1979 after losing his bid to succeed President Houari Boumedienne.
Between the years 1981-1987, he was banished because of alleged corruption as said his political opponents, but in the end he returned after the fall of the case. He signed a protest to face the brutality of government stated in 1988 and became the center of attention.
In 1999, he was appointed to the presidency and as a potential-free, with 74% of the vote, according to authorities. The whole other candidates had withdrawn from the election, citing fraud concerns. Then Bouteflika organize a referendum on his policies for restoring peace and security in al-Jazair and test his support among his countrymen after the race for election and won with the result of 81% of votes.
On 8 April 2004, the secular president reappointed by 85% of the vote in an election that observers said as an example of democracy in the Arab world, when the fight with his rival and former Chief of Staff Ali Benflis.

Career.

The leader of Al-Jazair War of Independence. Minister of Youth and Sports. Foreign Minister Al-Jazair.

President Bouteflika of Algeria Political Dominance.

Abdelaziz Bouteflika is widely expected 77 years old will win a fourth term as president of Algeria, although it is experiencing health problems.
Algerian President Wins Election estimated.
Algerian President Abdelaziz Bouteflika, including one of the candidates competing for the leadership chairs the West African country's oil-rich, while voters cast their ballots in the presidential election on Thursday.

77-year-old president was widely expected to win the fourth term, despite health problems prevented campaigning.
Bouteflika only a few times had appeared in public since suffering a stroke last year. He gave his voice Thursday wearing a wheelchair at a polling station in Algiers.

In 2009, he won 90 percent of the vote.

The President had the support of the National Liberation Front party in power.
Although he was popular, there were sporadic protests against his nomination. Some supporters of the opposition called for a boycott of the election.

Bouteflika took power in 1999, towards the end of the civil war pitting the Islamic extremists and the military-backed government. In 2008, he amended the constitution to allow presidential re-election indefinitely in power.
Analysts say Bouteflika's strongest rival is former prime minister, Ali Benflis, a leading opposition candidate.

Dictator Bouteflika of Algeria won a landslide election for the fourth time, rivals call a forgery.

Algerian Interior Minister Tayeb Belaiz announced on Friday night (18/04/2014) victory of President Abdel Aziz Bouteflika in presidential elections for the fourth time. Bouteflika won absolute victory as much as 81.53 percent of the vote and defeating his rival Ali Benflis who only received 12.18 percent of the vote. Benflis himself rejected the results and accused the occurrence of falsification in the presidential election process, Al-Jazeera reported. Algerian presidential elections conducted after the campaign process for three weeks. Benflis, a former prime minister, criticized the Algerian presidential election was marked by "fraud on a massive scale". A total of 51.78 percent of the Algerian electorate to vote in the presidential election of Algeria in 2014, about ten million two hundred thousand voters, as expressed by the Algerian Minister of Internal Affairs in a press conference on Friday night. This means as much as 48.22 percent of voters chose abstention. The youngest candidate, Abdel Aziz Belaid, came third with 3.03 percent of votes. He was followed by the only female candidate in the presidential election of Algeria, Louise Hanoune, who won 1.37 percent of the vote. Two other candidates, Ali Fawzi Rebaine and Moussa Touati won less than one percent of the vote. In an interview with TV station Al-Jazera, Ali Benflis rejected the Algerian presidential election results this time because of a forgery on a wide scale. A similar opinion was expressed by the candidate Moussa Touati. He has sent a letter of protest to the Algerian Constitutional Council and confirmed "there has been a falsification of turnout". Like the other dictators in African countries, the president Abdel Aziz Bouteflika has always won the election with a number of very decisively. Reign that had lasted for three periods has cemented nails rule in Algeria. Moreover, Bouteflika is a key ally of the US, France and the West in the fight against the Islamic movement in West Africa. The high number of abstentions, which exceeds the number of votes Bouteflika, indicating people are fed up with the secular dictator.
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The history of Afghanistan.

The capital city (and largest city) Kabul.

34 ° 69 ° 08'BT 32'LU
Afghanistan (Pashto / Dari: افغانستان, Afghanistan), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in South Asia and Central Asia. Has a population of about 32 million, making it the most populous country in the world to-42. The country is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east; Iran in the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan to the north; and China's far northeast. This area covers 652,000 sq km (252,000 sq mi), making it the 41st largest country in the world.

Classification.

Generally, Afghanistan is considered as South Asian countries, but there is no clear classification. This is because Afghanistan lies at the crossroads of Asia and influenced by various cultures surrounding countries. Afghanistan is generally classified as a South Asian country as it is one of the areas of "Indian Kingdom", ie areas that dipengaruh by the culture and beliefs of India such as Hinduism and Buddhism. However, Afghanistan is a place where the majority of Indian influence ended, right in the Hindu Kush mountains that stretches from the northeast to southwest Afghanistan.
Heading to the west of the Hindu Kush mountains of Afghanistan can be classified as Middle Eastern countries because it also included in the territory of "Greater Iran", the areas affected by the culture and customs of Iran (or Persian), such as languages ​​(Persian Afgani used by about 50% citizens) and religion (Islam embraced by almost 100% citizens, and denominations that characterize Iranian Shiites make up 20% of the Muslim population of Afghanistan. Afghanistan is also reportedly is the birthplace of Zoroastrianism, the official religion empires of pre-Islamic Persia). This is also supported by the position of Afghanistan as one of the main urban center of Persian empires (along with Iraq) when the territory is known as Khorasan.
Geographically, Afghanistan can be considered as the Central Asian countries along with the state "five -stan" another in the north, like Afghanistan, is also affected by the communist government of the Soviet Union in the mid 20th century. Topography and climate of Afghanistan also resembles the countries of Central Asia is dominated by high mountains snowy and normal climate in summer and very cold in winter.

Naming.

The name comes from Afghanistan Afghanistan said. The Pushtuns seems to have started using the term Afghan as a name for themselves from the Islamic period onwards. According W.K. Tyler Frazier, M.C. Gillet and several other scholars, "said Afghanistan first appeared in history in the Hudud al-Alam in 982 AD."
There is the view of many, about the origin of the name Afghanistan, most of them are purely speculative as can be seen below:
Makhzan-i-Afghni by Nematullah written in 1612 AD, Afghanistan or Pakhtun origin traces of super-Patriarch Abraham to King Talut or one named Saul. It states that Saul had a son Irmia (Jeremia), who had a son called Afghana. After the death of King Saul, Afghana raised by David, and was later promoted to command the army chief during the reign of King Solomon. Descendants of Afghana multiplied innumerable, and then called the Children of Israel. In the sixth century BC, Bakhtunnasar, or Nebuchadnezzar king of Babul, attacked Judah, and exiled descendants to Ghor Afghana located in the center of what is now Afghanistan. In the course of time, the exiled community came to be handled as Afghanistan after the name of their ancestors, and the country got its name as Afghanistan. The traditional view has many historical differences, and because it was not accepted by modern scientists to the hypothesis that the applicant last Bani-Israel Raverty Mayor (The Pathan, 1958, Olaf Caroe).
Another version of the legend Pashtun Afghana place, the eponymous ancestors claimed from Afghanistan or Pushtuns, as a contemporary Muslim Prophet Mohammed. After hearing about the new faith of Islam, Qais from Aryana trip to Medina to see the Prophet Muhammad Muslim, and returned to Aryana as a Muslim. Qais Abdur Rashid is said to have many sons, one of which is Afghana. Afghana, in turn, have four children who went to the east to establish the lineage of each. The first son went to Swat, the second to Lahore, and India, the third to Multan, and the latter to Quetta. This legend is one of the traditional story among the Pashtuns regarding the origin of those who are different. Again, this is a legendary Afghana otherwise been named Pushtuns them today. It should be noted that this legend Afghanistan Afghana times separated from Solomon by at least the 11th century.
Dr H.W. Bellew, in his book An Enquiry into the Ethnographic Afghanistan, Afghanistan believes that the name comes from the Latin term Alban, used by Armenians as Alvan or Alwan, which refers to the mountaineers, and in the case of Armenia character transliteration, would be pronounced as Aghvan or Aghwan. For Persia, it is further modified to Aoghan, Avghan, and Afghanistan as a reference to the plateau or "mountaineer" east of the Iranian plateau.
Some people argue that the name is derived from "Abagan" (ie without God) which declared the Persian term has been coined to Pushtuns to describe them as Godless or non-believers. It is claimed that Abagan word antonym of the word Bagan (= believe in God) just as apolitical is the antonym of the word politics in English.
There are also some people who link "Afghanistan" for the word of Uzbekistan "Avagan" word means "original". Others believe that the name comes from the Sanskrit upa-ganah, a word that means "allied tribes".
The other view is that the Afghan etymological clear name comes from the Sanskrit Ashvaka or Ashvakan (qv), which Assakenoi of Arrian. This view was expressed by JW McCrindle, and is supported by many modern scholars (including Lassen C, S. Martin, Bishop, Crooks, W. Crooke, JC Vidyalnar, MR Singh, P. Smith, NL Dey, Dr JL Kamboj, the S Kirpal Singh , and a few others). In Sanskrit, the word ashva (Iran Aspa, Prakrit assa) means "horse", and ashvaka (assaka Prakrit) means "horsemen". Pre-Christian times knew the people of eastern Afghanistan as Ashvakas (horsemen), because they raised a fine breed of horses, and has a reputation for providing expert cavalrymen. The fifth-century-BC Indian grammarian Panini their calls Ashvayana, and Ashvakayana. Aspasios classical writers use the equivalent of each (or Aspasii, Hippasii) and Assakenois (or Assaceni / Assacani, Asscenus). The Aspasios / Assakenois (= Ashvakas = cavalry), expressed as another name for Kambojas because their riding characteristics (see List of country name etymologies).
The last part of the name Afghanistan comes from the Persian word booth (country or land). The Afghanland English word that appeared in various treaties between Qajar-Persia, and the UK dealing with Eastern lands Persian Empire (modern Afghanistan) adopted by Afghanistan, and into Afghanistan.

History.

Before being called 'Afghanistan, the region already has several names in the long history of about 5000 years. One of the most ancient name, according to historians, and scholars, Ariana - ancient Greek pronunciations Aryanam Vaeja Avestan or Sanskrit "Aryavarta" Land of Aryans. This day-Ancient Persia, and Avesta language of expression is preserved in the name of Iran, and it is recorded in the name of Afghanistan's national airline, Ariana Airlines. The term 'Ariana Afghanistan still popular among Persian speakers in the country.
Centuries later, Afghanistan was part of Greater Khorasan, and therefore recognized with the name Khorasan (along with regions centered around Merv, and Neishabur), which in Pahlavi means "Land of the East" (خاور زمین in Persian).
Afghanistan is on-unique nexus point where many Eurasian civilizations have interacted and often fought, and is an important site of early historical activity. Through the ages, the area is known as Afghanistan has been invaded by a number of people, including Arya, Media, Persia, Greece, Maurya, Kushan, Sassanid, Arab, Turkish, British, and Soviet, but rarely have these groups managed to do a full control over the area. On other occasions, native Afghan entities have invaded surrounding regions to form their own kingdom.
Bamiyan Buddha, relics of 1st century pre-Islamic Afghanistan, is the largest Buddha statue in the world. They were destroyed by the Taliban in 2001. People who call them religious fanatics Un-IslamicBetween 2000 and 1200 BC, waves of Indo-European-speaking Aryans are thought to have flooded into modern-day Afghanistan, setting up a nation known as Aryānām Xšaθra, or " Land of the Aryans. " Zoroastrianism is speculated to have likely come from Afghanistan between 1800-800 BC. Ancient Eastern Iranian languages ​​such as Avestan may have been spoken in Afghanistan around the same time in line with the rise of Zoroastrianism. Around 1000 BC (or earlier), the Vedic civilization Indo-Aryan might have appeared near the valley around Kabul eastern Afghanistan, but this remains speculative as theories more worthy based on the archaeological findings tend to support the emergence of Vedic civilization east of, and Indus / or Ganges in what is now Pakistan, and India. In the mid-sixth century BC, the Persian Empire replaced the Media, and incorporated Aryana within its boundaries, and by 330 BC, Alexander the Great had invaded the region. After a brief occupation Alexander, Hellenic successor states of the Seleucids and Bactrians controlled the area, while from India annexed the southeast for a time Mauryans, and introduced Buddhism to the region until the area returned to the Bactrian rule.
During the 1st century AD, Kushan, Tocharian people of Central Asia with the Indo-European origin, occupied the region. Thereafter, Aryana fell to a number of Eurasian tribes - including Parthians, Scythians, and Huns, as well as the Sassanian Persians and local rulers like Shahis Hindu in Kabul - until the 7th century AD, when the Arab Muslim armies invaded the region.
The Arabs initially annexed parts of western Afghanistan in 652 and then conquered most of the rest of Afghanistan between 706-709 CE and given region as Khorasan, and more time locals embraced Islam, but retained their Iranian language. Afghanistan became the center of various important kingdom, including the Ghaznavid Empire (962-1151), which was founded by a local Turkish ruler from Ghazni named Yamin ul-Dawla Mahmud, expanded sovereignty over vast areas of Kurdistan northern part of India. This kingdom was replaced by Ghorid Empire (1151-1219), established by the local authority, this time Tajik extraction, Muhammad Ghori, which covers a large part of the region of Central and South Asia, and laid the foundations for the Sultanate of Delhi in India.
In 1219, the area was ruled by the Mongols under the leadership of Genghis Khan, who destroyed the land. Their power continued with Ilkhanates, and extended further following the invasion of Tamerlane (Eastern Leng), a ruler of Central Asia. By 1400, all come under his control Afghanistan, and he also laid the foundation of another Islamic empire in India, the Mughal Empire. Uzbek-born Babur, a descendant of both Tamerlane and Genghis Khan, established a kingdom with its capital in Kabul by 1504, and then extended to South Asia in 1525, and established the rule of the Mughal Empire throughout much of what is now Pakistan, and India north by 1527. As the empire shifted to the east, Safavid Persia challenged Mughal rule two days while the superpower empire fought over the fate of Afghanistan for decades to obtain Persian area by the mid 17th century.
Local Pashtun Ghilzai successfully overthrew the Safavid dynasty and under Hotaki, briefly controlled all or part of Persia itself from 1722 to 1736. After a brief period under the reign (1736-1747) of the Turko-Iranian conqueror Nadir Shah, one of his high-ranking military officer, Ahmad Shah Abdali, himself a Pashtun tribesman of the Abdali clan, called a loya jirga following Nadir Shah's assassination (which involve Abdali) in the year 1747. Afghans / Pashtuns came together in Kandahar in 1747, and chose Ahmad Shah, who changed his last name to Durrani ( 'pearl of pearls' which means in Persian), to be king. Afghanistan nation-state as it is known today emerged in 1747 as the Durrani Empire, and expanded outward from the Pashtun traditional to include all of what is now Afghanistan, most of Mashad in Iran, and all of Pakistan, and Kashmir as well. Durrani Empire lasted for nearly a century until internal conflicts, and war with the Persians and Sikhs diminished their empire by the early 19th century, however, this time the Afghan border will not be determined until the arrival of the British.
During the 19th century, after the Anglo-Afghan wars (fought in 1839-1842, 1878-1880, and the last in 1919), Afghanistan saw a lot of territory, and autonomy left to England. England made a lot of influence, and it was not until King Amanullah approved the throne in 1919 that Afghanistan back in full independence. During the period of British intervention in Afghanistan, ethnic Pashtun territories were divided by the Durand Line, and this will lead to strained relations between Afghanistan and India, and then the new state of Pakistan, over what was then known as Pashtunistan debate.
The rulers of Afghanistan history is part of the Abdali tribe of the ethnic Afghans, whose name was changed to the accession of Ahmad Shah Durrani. They come from a clan Popalzay Saddozay segment, or segments Mohammadzay Barakzay clan, ethnic Afghanistan. Mohammadzay are often equipped with a king Sadozay top counselor, who served as regent occasionally, and identify by name Mohammadzay.
Since 1900, eleven kings, and the authorities had uprooted through undemocratic means: in 1919 (assassination), 1929 (abdicated), 1929 (execution), 1933 (assassination), 1973 (deposition), 1978 (execution), 1979 ( execution), 1979 (execution), 1987 (deletion), 1992 (overthrow), 1996 (overthrow) and 2001 (overthrow).
The longest period of stability in Afghanistan between 1933 and 1973, when the country was under the rule of King Zahir Shah. However, in 1973, that Zahir's brother-in-law, Sardar Mohammed Daoud launched a bloodless coup. Daoud and his entire family were killed in 1978 when the communist People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan launched a coup known as the Great Saur Revolution and took over the government.
Opposition against, and conflict within, the series followed the communist government, is very large. As part of the strategy of the Cold War, the US government quietly began to fund and train anti-government forces of Mujahideen by secret service agents of Pakistan known as the Intelligence Service Inter or ISI, which is derived from the Muslims were not satisfied in this country who oppose atheism regime's official Marxists, in 1978. in order to strengthen the local Communist forces of the Soviet Union - citing the 1978 Friendship Treaty, cooperation and good neighborliness that has been signed between the two countries in 1978 - intervened on December 24, 1979. the Soviet Occupation resulted in a mass exodus more than 5 million Afghans who moved into refugee camps in Pakistan and Iran. More than 3 million alone settled in Pakistan. Faced with mounting international pressure, and the loss of about 15,000 Soviet soldiers as a result of Mujahideen opposition forces trained by the United States, Pakistan, and other foreign governments, the Soviets withdrew ten years later, in 1989. For further details, see Soviet war in Afghanistan.
The Soviet withdrawal was seen as a victory ideology in the US, which seems to have support of the Mujahideen in order to counter Soviet influence around the oil-rich Persian Gulf. After the removal of Soviet troops in 1989, the US and its allies lost interest in Afghanistan and did little to help rebuild the war-torn country. The Soviet Union continued to support the regime of Dr Najubullah (formerly head of the secret service, Khad) until its fall in 1992. However, the absence of Soviet troops resulted in the government as it continues to lose ground to the guerrilla forces.
Since most of the elites, and intellectuals had either been systematically eliminated by the Communists, or fleeing to seek refuge abroad, a dangerous leadership vacuum emerged. Fighting continued between various Mujahideen factions, eventually leading to a state of warlordism. Chaos and corruption that dominated post-Soviet Afghanistan in turn spawned the rise of the Taliban in response to the growing chaos. The most serious battles during the civil conflict that developed occurred in 1994, when 10,000 people were killed in factional fighting in Kabul.
Utilizing the chaotic situation in Afghanistan, including some areas bedfellows Afghan fundamentalists were trained in camps in western Pakistan, the secret services of Pakistani intelligence (ISI), the Mafia area (established network that smuggled mainly Japanese electronics, and tires prior to the Russian invasion, are now involved in drug smuggling) and Arab extremist groups (who are looking for a safe operational hub) joined, and helped to create the Taliban movement (Rashid 2000). Backed by Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and other strategic allies, the Taliban developed as a political-religious force and eventually seized power in 1996. The Taliban were able to capture 90% of the country, apart from the Afghan Northern Alliance strongholds primarily found in the northeast in the Panjshir Valley , The Taliban sought to apply a strict interpretation of Islamic Sharia law, and provide a safe haven and assistance to individuals and organizations involved as terrorists, particularly Al-Qaeda network of Osama bin Laden.
US and allied military action in support of the opposition after the 11 September, 2001 Terrorist Attacks forced the fall of the Taliban. In late 2001, the main leader of the Afghan opposition groups and diaspora met in Bonn, and approved a plan for the formulation of a new government structure that resulted in the inauguration of Hamid Karzai as Chairman of the Afghan Interim Authority (AIA) in December 2001. After a nationwide Loya Jirga in 2002, Karzai was elected president.
On March 3, and March 25, 2002, a series of earthquakes struck Afghanistan, with the loss of thousands of homes, and more than 1800 lives. More than 4000 people were injured. The earthquake occurred at Samangan Province (March 3) and Baghlan Province (March 25). The latter is the worse of the two, and caused the most casualties. Assist the Afghan government and international authorities in dealing with situations.
As the country continues to rebuild and recover, at the end of 2005, still struggling against widespread poverty, warlordism continued, the infrastructure is almost non-existent, perhaps the largest concentration in the earth's land mine exploded, and other regulations, as well as sizeable, and trade illegal opium heroin. Afghanistan also remains subject to occasionally violent political jockeying, and the nation's first elections were successfully held in 2004 as women parliamentarians elected in record numbers. Parliamentary elections in 2005 helped to further stabilize the country politically, despite the many problems it faces, including inadequate international assistance. The country continues to grapple with occasional acts of violence from some remnants of Al-Qaeda and the Taliban, and instability caused by warlords.
Afghanistan is currently led by president Hamid Karzai, who was elected in October 2004. Before the election, Karzai leads the country after having been elected by the administration of United States' President Bush to head the interim government after the fall of the Taliban. The current cabinet includes members of the Northern Alliance of Afghanistan, and a mix of local and other ethnic groups that are formed from the transitional government by the Loya jirga (grand council). Former King Mohammed Zahir Shah returned to the country, but did not return as king and only exercises limited ceremonial powers.
Based on the Bonn Agreement the Afghan Constitution Commission was established to consult with the public, and formulate the draft constitution. The meeting of the constitutional loya jirga was held in December 2003, when a new constitution was adopted creating a presidential form of government with a bicameral legislature.
Forces and intelligence services of the United States, and other countries were present, some to keep the peace, others assigned to hunt down remnants of the Taliban and al Qaeda. A United Nations peacekeeping force called the International Security Assistance Force in Kabul has been in operation since December 2001. NATO took control of this force on August 11, 2003. Some countries remain under the control of warlords.
On March 27, 2003, Afghan deputy defense minister and powerful warlord General Abdul Rashid Dostum created the Office for the North Zone of Afghanistan and appointed officials to it, against the command of then-interim president Hamid Karzai that there are no zones in Afghanistan.
Eurocorps took over responsibility for the NATO-led ISAF in Kabul August 9, 2004.
National elections were held on October 9, 2004. More than 10 million Afghans registered to vote. Most of the 17 candidates opposing Karzai boycotted the election, charging fraud; an independent commission found evidence of fraud, but decided that it did not affect the results of the poll. Karzai won 55.4% of the vote. He was sworn in as president on December 7. This is the first national elections in the country since 1969, when the last parliamentary elections were held.
On 18 September 2005, parliamentary elections were held; Parliament opened on December 19 following. On December 20, a close ally of President Karzai, and the first mujahideen government, Sibghatullah Mojadeddi, was selected to head home over 102 seats. On December 21, Yunus Qanuni, leader of the Afghan opposition, and Karzai's main opponent was chosen to lead the 249-seat lower house of parliament by 122 votes against 117 for the nearest challenger.

Afghan politics.

Now, a provisional government was established. Chaired by president Hamid Karzai, mostly members of the Northern Alliance, and a mix of local and other ethnic groups that are formed from the transitional government by the Loya jirga. Former king Zahir Shah returned to the country, but not reinstated as king and only exercises limited ceremonial powers.
Approval under the Bonn Agreement (Bonn Agreement), the Afghan Constitution Commission was established to consult with the public, and formulate a draft constitution. Scheduled to release a draft on September 1, 2003, the commission has asked for a delay in order to undertake further consultations. Meetings loya jirga (grand council) was held unconstitutional in December 2003 when a new constitution was adopted which created a presidential form of government.
Forces and intelligence services of the US and several other countries were present, some to keep the peace, others assigned to hunt down the rest of the Taliban and al-Qaeda. United Nations Peacekeeping Force operations call the International Security Assistance Force in Kabul, began in December 2001. NATO took control of this force on 11 August 2003. Most of the country remains under the control of warlords.
On March 27, 2003, Wamenhan Afghanistan, and an influential warlord General Abdul Rashid Dostum created a task for the North Zone of Afghanistan and officials to lift the injunction against the interim president Hamid Karzai that no more zones in Afghanistan.

Demographics.

Afghanistan is home to a number of tribes. However, due to the lack of adequate counter jiwaan, so it is not known for sure the actual conditions. And is available now only based on mere estimates. Based on records from the CIA World Factbook (updated on May 17, 2005), demographic tribe in Afghanistan is as follows: Pashto 42%, concentrated in eastern and southern Afghanistan; Tajik 27% centered in the north and Kabul; Hazara 9% centered including Bamiyan in central Afghanistan; Uzbek 9%; Aimak4%; Turkmen 3%; Baluchi 2% and the remaining 4% were Mencius Wakhidan Kyrgyz.
There are two official languages ​​of Afghanistan which is often called the Persian Afgani From (50%), and Pashtun (35%). Many other languages ​​are Turkic languages ​​(Uzbek and Turkmenistan are used by 11% of subjects), and 30 small languages, mainly Baluchi, and Pashai (4%). Many Afghans are able to use two languages ​​or more.
According to the religion of most Afghans are Sunni Muslims (80%), Shiite Muslims (19%), and others (1%).

Geography of Afghanistan.

Afghanistan is a mountainous country, though there are plains in the north and southwest. The highest point in Afghanistan, Nowshak, is 7485 m above sea level. Most of the country are dry, and fresh water supplies are limited. Afghanistan has a land climate, with hot summers and cold winters. The country is frequently subject to earthquakes.

Economy Afghanistan.

Afghanistan is a relatively poor country, highly dependent on agriculture and livestock. Its economy is weakening due to political unrest, and military hot, dry extra hard to trouble the nation between 1998-2001. Most of the population suffer from insufficient food, clothing, housing, and lack of health care. This condition is exacerbated by military operations and political uncertainty. Inflation remains a problem. Following the war US-led coalition that lead to the fall of the Taliban in November 2001, and the establishment of the Afghan Interim Authority (AIA) as a result of the Bonn Agreement in December 2001, efforts International to rebuild Afghanistan addressed at the Tokyo Donors Conference for the Reconstruction of Afghanistan in January 2002, in which $ 4.5 million was collected for the trust fund will be managed by the World Bank. Priority areas for reconstruction include the construction of education, health and sanitation facilities, enhancement of administrative capacity, the development of the agricultural sector, and rebuilding of roads, energy, and telecommunications networks.

Afghan culture.

Many of this country's historic monuments damaged in the wars in recent years. 2 units famous Bamiyan Buddha statue in Bamiyan Province were destroyed by the Taliban because regarded as a symbol of another religion.
Afghans are known as horse riders. Sports are well known as Buzkashi well known there.
Before the Taliban gained power, the city of Kabul was home to many musicians who are experts in traditional Afghan music, and modern. Kabul at half of the 20th century together with Vienna during the XVIII and XIX centuries.
See also: Radio Kabul, Afghanistan Music

Education in Afghanistan.

In the spring of 2003, it is estimated that 30% of Afghanistan's 7,000 schools had been seriously damaged during more than two decades of Soviet occupation, civil war and Taliban domination. Only half of the schools were reported to have clean water, with less than 40% are estimated to have access to adequate sanitation. Education for boys was not a priority during the Taliban period, and girls removed from schools outright.
With regard to poverty, and violence around them, a study in 2002 by Save the Children aid group said Afghan children were resilient and courageous. The study credited the strength of the institution of family, and the environment.
Up to four million Afghan children, possibly the largest number, believed to have enrolled for class for the school years that began in March 2003.
The literacy rate of the total population estimated at 36%.

Hamid Karzai, President of the Small Salaried Rich from US Money.

Being the president did not ensure that you live in luxury with a super large salary every month. That experienced by Afghan President Hamid Karzai is now among the leadership ranks of the poorest countries in the world.
With a salary of $ 525 per month, income is of course much lower than some of the leaders of other countries. The problem, he is also suspected of receiving huge money from the CIA, members of the US spy who frequently visited his office.
A glimpse on Karzai, himself born from a family of politicians. His father, grandfather until his uncle is a political players in Afghanistan, the world is finally occupied Karzai.
Really issues that Karzai is a spy agencies the United States? Here's her story as quoted by The Richest, BBC, and a number of other sources.

In 1957, Hamid Karzai was born as a descendant of politician. His father was the Deputy Speaker of the Parliament in the 1960s while his grandfather was the Vice Chairman of the Senate in the 1920s.
Not only that, his uncle is the deputy of Afghanistan at the United Nations in the 1960s. Karzai himself to study political science at the University of Himachal Pradesh in India and successfully obtained a master's degree.
After completing his education, he worked at a fundraising organization in Pakistan to help the anti-communist party during the Soviet war in Afghanistan in the 1980s.
After leading the mujahideen leaders in Kabul and the collapse of the Soviet Union, he successfully served as Deputy Foreign Minister.

While serving as deputy minister, Vice President Mohammad Fahim accused him of spying for the enemy. Shortly afterwards he was arrested and thrown into prison.
When the Taliban came to the nation of Afghanistan in the 1990s, he believes the government will help eradicate corruption in the country. But after the Taliban nation accused of killing his father, he began trying to destroy it.
In late 2001, Karzai and his cabinet toppled the Taliban regime. He then attended the International Conference on Afghanistan in the German government and elected as Chairman of the Interim Administration within a period of six months.
A year later, Karzai was elected as Interim President for two years. In 2004, he then won the most votes and was elected president of Afghanistan official.

His political career is fairly brilliant, he then re-elected as president in 2009. During two terms as president, Karzai could reap the controversy because of the small salary.
Even his salary is lower than the world's poorest president who choose to donate 90 percent of his income. Officially, he reportedly only received a salary of $ 525 per month.
Although underpaid, reportedly tens of millions of dollars in cash flow from the CIA to the office of Afghan President Karzai.

The money is distributed using a suitcase, backpack up shopping bags so as not to arouse suspicion.
Initially, the flow of funds is channeled so that the CIA could have influence in Afghanistan. Ironically, the chubby funds would trigger action that is considered Karzai's corruption.

So far, the biggest source of corruption in Afghanistan is the US. The clerks at the office of the president of Afghanistan even call `ghost money`.
With a small salary, Karzai and his family are becoming rich during his two terms as president. The fact that until now still not realized the wider community.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
Name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://www.indonesiansocieti.blogspot.com/2016/05/the-history-of-afghanistan.html
Date Published: May 12 2016 at 16:46

Tag : Afghanistan.

Controversy Arab kings.

Saudi Arabia, the most powerful monarch in the world, save the memories of the controversial matter of their kings. Saudis recall vividly their leaders well and many recounted through various sites such as history.com, arabnews.com, and so forth.
Different head, different ways lead despite coming from the same seed. That picture of the Saudi king. Some like to marry, have children to hundreds, gambling, or instead there is a very straight but perceived as a threat.
From various sources have mentioned it, this is the kings of Saudi Arabia with the story of their controversy.
Different head, different ways lead despite coming from the same seed. That picture of the Saudi king. Some like to marry, have children to hundreds, gambling, or instead there is a very straight but perceived as a threat.
From various sources have mentioned it, this is the kings of Saudi Arabia with the story of their controversy.

King Abdul Aziz.

King Abdul Aziz became the first ruler of Saudi Arabia and is not free from controversy. Especially because he is fond of women and had 20 wives. The wife almost all introduced to the public, only the last wife hidden. The companion spread across Arabia.
Abdul Aziz also has 45 children even more. Nevertheless, he was remembered as a man loved the whole wife and children. Abdul Aziz had even shared heritage is well noted by aides to the royal family for generations.

King Saud.

King Saud second son of the first wife of King Abdul Aziz. He ruled in 1953-1965 in the Saudi peninsula. Not according to her face as if without sin, Saud instead be remembered as the iron hand.
The most controversial of Saud, the feud with King Faisal, his brother, from his father's second wife. War-Saud and Faisal became so because the struggle for power. This causes pain Abdul Aziz to say, both are the greatest enemy in his life.
Saud even hired soldiers to fight with an army of Faisal. Brothers conflict ended with worsening health conditions Saud until she rarely confront his brother. This man also beat the record of his father by having 115 children.

King Faisal.

King Faisal was recorded as the most righteous king. He runs and enforce Islamic law in accordance with the teachings of his grandfather Sheikh Abdullah bin Abd Al Latif. He only married four women, unlike his father and brother. He also built relationships with other conservative Islamic countries such as Iran and Palestine. When her reign, he freed many slaves for labor in government. She developed a friendship with US President John F. Kennedy, allegedly adheres to socialist. Faisal precedence people's welfare and in his time, all members of the kingdom must be wise and frugal life without showing off wealth and spending.
This straight otherwise by members of the royal family. They do not like Faisal. They want to remain there a difference between the leader and the led. Instead united with the people.
Faisal did not budge. He remained on his decision to be simpler. Finally, some families planning her murder, and executioners namely Faisal bin Musaid, his own nephew. Faisal finally breathed his last two bullets pierced his heart.

King Khalid.

King Khalid fifth son of King Abdul Aziz. His mother named Al Jawhara bin Musaid. Compared with the previous king, Khalid not including those calculated. His appointment became supreme leader Arabia claimed to be an accident.
Terbunuhnya Faisal made the royal party held a high-level meeting is super important. The meeting was attended by the chairman of the panel of five government represented by the uncle of King Khalid, Abdullah bin Abdul Rahman, Muhammad Nasir, Saad, and younger brother, Prince Fahd and Prince Abdullah, finally asking Khalid to be at the helm.
Although the election of Khalid because the assembly government generosity, but she became the only Arab king had many friends in the various countries of the world. He helped the Iranian revolution and became a close friend of the late Syrian President Hafez Assad.

King Fahd.

King Fahd might be among one of the most wanted leaders of the Arab world in the head by a group of Islamic extremists. He first started open close diplomatic relations with the United States. Nevertheless, he was a supporter of the Palestinians and even hate altercation with American ally, Israel.
Political attitude of King Fahd unpredictable. He was among the leaders at will. When you want to close with the Americans, he even provides a place for military bases Superpower when going against Iraq that bombard Kuwait. But he had helped Iraq against Iran when the explosion of anti-Shia sentiment in Saudi.
He included the king hooked rah-rah and gamble at the casino famous around the world, including the City of Las Vegas. She likes shopping luxury goods and has a private jet worth Rp 1.4 trillion.

King Abdullah.

King Abdullah in power until now included the leader of which is already so modern. Motion geriknya untouched media unless he really wants to show it. But there are also unique things from him. At the age of 94 years stepped on, he is still strong fuck because Viagra wear.
This king even allow the plant world viagra built on the territory of him. The Saudi Arabian General Investment Authority (SAGIA) last year, signed an agreement with biopharmaceutical manufacturing Pfeizer to build a plant to produce 1 billion Viagra every year. The factory will also export Viagra to other countries in the Middle East.
King Abdullah has a dozen wives and a dozen children.

Saudi Dynasty : Where They? And Who In Fact They Ancestry?

Research and Exposure Mohammad Sakher:
After finding the facts below, ordered to kill the Saudi regime.
Are the Saudi Family members came from the tribe Anza bin Wa'il such recognition? Is their religion Islam? Are they authentic Arabs?

Nejd, in the year 851 H group of descendants of Al-Masalikh, descendants of Anza Tribe, formed a caravan led by Sahmi bin Hathlul, assigned to buy groceries, grains of wheat and corn to Iraq. When he reached the Bashra, they go directly to a feed store that the owner of a Jew named MORDAKHAI bin Ibrahim bin Moshe. When the ongoing bargaining, Jewish shopkeeper asked them: "Come out of the tribe are you?". They said: "We are from Bani Anza", one of the tribe of Al-Masalikh ". Hearing the name of the tribe called the Jew embraced them tenderly, saying that he also came from the tribe of Al-Masalikh, but settled in Bashra, Iraq because of a family feud between his father and other members of ANZA Tribe.

After MORDAKHAI bin Ibrahim bin Moshe told them stories about him were fabricated, he then ordered his aides to raise grocery items to the top of the caravan camels them. Attitude MORDAKHAI bin Ibrahim bin Moshe is considered good and sincere that wowed the group descendants Masalikh and also raises their pride due to meet fellow tribes in Iraq - where they get groceries with much-needed, they believe every word spoken MORDAKHAI bin Ibrahim son Moshe, because he was a wealthy merchant feed commodities, they liked MORDAKHAI bin Ibrahim bin Moshe (even though he was not an Arab from the tribe of Al-Masalikh, but a Jew who pretends).

When the caravan is ready to be returned to Najd, merchant Jew was asked permission to go riding with them to the place of origin, Najd. Jewish merchants request was received happily by the sons of Al-Masalikh entourage.
Finally MORDAKHAI bin Ibrahim bin Moshe up in Najd. Nejd he began disseminating propaganda he assisted some of the sons of Al-Masalikh newly arrived co-'sama him from Bashra. His propaganda work, a number of people support it, but opposed by others led by Salman Shaikh Saleh Abdullah Al-Tamimi, scholars in the city of Al-Qasim, whose territory includes preaching Nejd, Yemen and Hijaz. He drove MORDAKHAI bin Ibrahim bin Moshe (ancestor of the Saudi family that is currently in power) from the city to the town of Al-Qasim Al-IHSA, where he changed his name to Markhan bin Ibrahim Musa. Then he moved to the area near Al-Qatif Dir'iya. In this area he began spreading the story is engineered to shield the population about the Prophet Muhammad Shallalahu 'Alaihi wa Sallam seized as booty by the pagan Arabs during the War of Uhud. Shield was then sold by the pagan Arabs to the Jewish tribe of Bani Qunaiqa and save it as a collection of valuables. Slowly but surely, Markhan bin Ibrahim Musa exert influence among the Bedouins through fictitious story that it tells us how influential Jewish tribes in Arabia to occupy a respectable position. He was an important man among the Bedouins, and decided to remain in the city Dir'iya, near Al-Qatif and then decide it as the capital of the Persian Gulf. He aspires to make it as a stepping stone to build the kingdom of Jews in Arab land.

In order to meet ambisisnya, he began to approach and influence the Arab Bedouin tribes of the desert to support his position, then established him as their king.
At this juncture, Tribe Ajaman together with Bani Khalid tribe scented danger Jewish cunning and evil plan is very worrying, because he has been able to confirm his identity as Arabs. They agreed to stop, then attack the city Dar'iya and managed to conquer it, but before the charming Markhan bin Ibrahim Musa, he fled.
In his escape, Jewish ancestors Saudi Family (MORDAKHAI) sought shelter in a farm-Ghusaiba Al-Malibiid near Al-Arid, owned by Arabs. Now the city was named Al-Riyadh.

MORDAKHAI ask for political asylum to the planter. The affable owner was then immediately provide shelter. But have not yet reached a month he lived on this farm, MORDAKHAI killed the owner and their family members, then concocted the story that they were killed by robbers. He also claimed to have purchased real estate from the owners before the tragic incident. So he lived there as a new owner of the land, then the area was given a new name Al-Di'riya, the same name as a place before he left.
Jewish ancestor of the Saudi Family (MORDAKHAI) immediately build a "Guest House" which he called "Madaffa" on land that was taken from his victims. Then the assembled group disekelilinya hypocrites who started to spread propaganda that MORDAKHAI is a leading Arab Seikh. They planned to kill Sheikh Saleh Salman Abdullah Al-Tamimi, the mortal enemy MORDAKHAI and managed to kill him in a mosque in the city of Al-Zalafi.

MORDAKHAI pleased to have successfully killed Sheikh Saleh Salman Abdullah Al-Tamimi, then make Al-Dir'iya as his residence. Al-Dir'iya she polygamy and beranak'pinak, his sons were named of the original Arabic.
Since then the offspring and their powers grow under the name of Saudi tribe, they also followed MORDAKHAI and activities are carried out clandestinely and conspiring against the Arab nation. Illegally they control the countryside and the estate lands, killing everyone who tried to thwart their evil plans. To influence the people of the region, they use all kinds of deceit to achieve his goal: they bribe people not sefaham with money and women. They bribe chroniclers to write the biography of a clean family history of crime, dibuatkannya family tree continued to Arab tribes honored as Rabi'a, Anza and Al-Masalikh.

A hypocrite era kiwari named Mohammad Amin Al-Tamimi - Director / Manager Library Contemporary Saudi kingdom, preparing lineage (Family Tree) for this Jewish family (Family Arabia), linking their lineage to the Prophet Muhammad Shallalahu 'Alaihi wa Sallam. In exchange for their work, he received a reward of 35,000 (Thirty Five Thousand) Egyptian Pound Ambassador of Saudi Arabia in Cairo in the year 1362 H or 1943 AD The name of the Ambassador of Saudi Arabia is Ibrahim Al-Fadel.
As mentioned above, the Jewish ancestors Saudi Family (MORDAKHAI), polygamist with Arab women give birth to many children, the current pattern of polygamy MORDAKHAI continued by his descendants, and they are linked to the legacy of the marriage.
One of the children called Al-Maqaran MORDAKHAI, (Hebrew: Mack-Ren) had a son named Muhammad, and another son named Saud, a descendant of this dynasty Saud Arabia.
Saud descendant (Family Saud) began a campaign of murder prominent leaders of the Arab tribes with the pretext they fall away, betray Islam, leaving the teachings of the Koran, and the Saud family slaughtered them in the name of Islam.

In the book pages 98-101 Saud family history, personal history author family dynasty Saudi Arabia stated that considers all residents of Najd blasphemous, therefore lawful their blood, their property confiscated, the women made concubines, is not considered a true islampun unless sect Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab (which originally also of Jewish descent Turkey). Wahhabi doctrine give authority to the Saudi family to destroy the village and its inhabitants, including children and women raped, stabbed a pregnant woman's stomach, cutting off the hands of children, then burn. Furthermore, they are given authority to His teaching Cruel (Brutal Doctrin) to seize all the property of the person who they consider to have deviated from the teachings of religion because they do not follow Wahhabi doctrine.

Jewish families of this terrible evil and commit all sorts of atrocities in the name of their false religious sect (the Wahhabi sect) were actually created by a Jew for sowing the seeds of terror in the hearts of the population in towns and villages. In 1163 H, this Jewish Dynasty rename the Arabian Peninsula with the name of their family, into Saudi Arabia, as if the entire region was their private property, and the population as a flunky or their slaves, working hard day and night for the pleasure of their masters, namely the Family Arabia.

They are completely holding the natural wealth of the country like his own private. When there are ordinary people expressed opposition to the arbitrary power of this Jewish Dynasty, he will train law in the open field. A princess member of the Saudi royal family and its entourage, one-time visit Florida, United States, she rented 90 (nine pukuh) Suite rooms at the Grand Hotel with a price of $ 1 million its night. Can we comment on the waste that do the royal family like that, which is appropriate is: Convicted beheaded in the open field.
The testimony that the ancestors of the Saudi family is Jewish:
In 1960, radio station "Sawt Al-Arab" in Cairo, Egypt, and a radio transmitter in Sana'a, Yemen, proving that the ancestors of the Saudi family is Jewish
Raja Faisal Al-Saud could not deny that her family is Jewish family when told the WASHINGTON POST on Sept. 17, 1969, stating that: "We, the Saudi family, is the Jewish family: We entirely disagree with any Arab ruler or Islamic shows enmity to Jews, otherwise we have to live with them in peace. Our country, Saudi Arabia is a source of early Jewish and his ancestors, from there it spread to the whole world ". That statement Raja Faisal Al-Saud bin Abdul Aziz.
Hafez Wahbi, General Counsel Royal Family of Saudi mentions in his book entitled "Arabian Peninsula" that King Abdul Aziz, who died in 1953 says: "The message we (PM Arabia) in the face of opposition from Arab tribes, grandfather, Saud Awal, told when charming a number of Shaikh tribe Mathir, and when another group of the same tribe arrived to intervene and asked to release all its captives, Saud Initial gave orders to his men to behead all the captive, then humiliate and degrade guts mediators by inviting them to the banquet, the food served is cooked human flesh, pieces of the prisoner's head placed on a plate. The mediator was shocked and refused to eat the flesh of their own relatives, because they refused to eat, Early Saud ordered beheaded them too. That terrible crimes that have been committed by people who claimed himself as king to the people who are not innocent, they mistake as opposed to cruelty and ruled arbitrarily.

Hafez Wahbi further stated that, with regard to the real story that happened to bloody tribal Shaikh Mathir, and a group of tribal Mathir who visited him in order to ask for the release of their leader who became a prisoner of King Abdul Aziz Al-Saud Al-Faisal called Dervish. Diceriterakannya the story to delegates tribe Mathir the purpose of preventing that they do not ask for the release of their leader, if not, they will be treated equally. He killed Shaikh Faisal Dervish and his blood used to berwudlu before he prayed. (Implement the teachings deviated Wahhabi). Faisal error dervish that time because he had criticized King Abul Aziz Al-Saud, when the king signed the document prepared by the British rulers in 1922 as a statement giving Palestine to the Jews, the signatures affixed in a conference in Al-Qir 1922.

System regime Jewish family (Family Arabia) was and still remains the same: Their objectives are: seizing the wealth of the country, robbing, falsifying, doing all kinds of cruelty, injustice, blasphemy and insults, all of which was carried out in accordance with the teachings sect Wahhabi allow behead those who oppose his teachings.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
Name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://www.indonesiansocieti.blogspot.com/2016/05/controversy-arab-kings.html
Date Published: May 12 2016 at 16:10

Tag : Controversy Arab kings.