President Abdurrahman Wahid.

President of Indonesia 4th

Length of service
October 20, 1999 - 23 July, 2001 (1 year)
Born 7 September 1940
Died December 30, 2009 (age 69).
Dr. (HC) KH Abdurrahman Wahid, known as Gus Dur (born in Jombang, East Java, 7 September 1940 - died in Jakarta, December 30, 2009 at the age of 69 years) is an Indonesian Muslim leaders and political leaders who became President of Indonesia the fourth from 1999 to 2001. He succeeded President BJ Habibie after being elected by the Assembly election results of 1999. The implementation of government aided by the Cabinet of National Unity. Abdurrahman Wahid's presidency began on October 20, 1999 and ends at the Special Session of the Assembly in 2001. Exactly July 23, 2001, its leadership was replaced by Megawati Soekarnoputri after its mandate revoked by the Assembly. Abdurrahman Wahid is a former chairman of Tanfidziyah (executive body) of the Nahdlatul Ulama and the founder of the National Awakening Party (PKB).

Early life.

Abdurrahman Wahid was born on the 4th and the 8th month of Islamic calendar Denanyar 1940 in Jombang, East Java of Wahid Hasyim pair and Solichah. There is a belief that he was born on August 4, but the calendar is used to mark the day of his birth is the Islamic calendar, which means he was born on the 4th of Sha'ban 1359 AH, equal to 7 September 1940.
He was born with the name of Abdurrahman Addakhil. "Addakhil" means "the Conqueror". The word "Addakhil" is not well known and renamed "Wahid", and later became known as Gus Dur. "Gus" is a distinctive honor boarding call to a child kiai means "brother" or "mas".
Gus Dur is the son of the first of six children. Wahid was born in a very respectable family in the Muslim community in East Java. Grandfather from his father was K.H. Hashim Asyari, founder of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), while his maternal grandfather, K.H. Bisri, was the first boarding school teacher who teaches a class on women. Gus Dur's father, K.H. Wahid Hasyim, was involved in the Nationalist Movement and became Minister of Religion in 1949. His mother, Mrs. Hj. Sholehah, is the daughter of the founder of Pondok Pesantren Denanyar Jombang. His brother was Salahuddin Wahid and Lily Wahid. He is married to Sinta Nuriyah and has four daughters: Alisa, Yenny, Anita, and Inayah.
Gus Dur openly has stated that he has Chinese blood. Abdurrahman Wahid claimed that he was a descendant of Tan Kim Han is married to Tan A Lok, siblings Raden Patah (Tan Eng Hwa), founder of the Sultanate of Demak.
A Lok Tan and Tan Eng Hwa is the son of Princess Campa, who is the daughter of Chinese concubine Raden Brawijaya V. Tan Kim Han himself was based on a study of a French researcher, Louis-Charles Damais identified as Sheikh Abdul Qadir Al-Shini who discovered his tomb in Trowulan.
In 1944, Wahid moved from Jombang to Jakarta, where his father was elected the first Chairman of the Shura Council of the Muslim Party of Indonesia (Masjumi), an organization established with the support of the Japanese soldiers who then occupied Indonesia. After the declaration of Indonesian independence on August 17, 1945, Gus Dur back to Jombang and remained there during the Indonesian war of independence against the Dutch. At the end of the war in 1949, Wahid moved to Jakarta and his father was appointed as the Minister of Religious Affairs. Abdurrahman Wahid studying in Jakarta, went into SD KRIS before moving to SD Matraman Perwari. Wahid also taught to read non-Muslim books, magazines, and newspapers by his father to expand their knowledge. Gus Dur continue to stay in Jakarta with his family even though his father had not become a religious minister in 1952. In April 1953, Wahid's father died in a car accident.
Wahid continued education and in 1954, he entered the Junior High School. In that year, he did not grade. His mother then sent Gus Dur to Yogyakarta to continue his education with the Koran to KH. Ali Maksum at boarding Krapyak and learn in junior high. In 1957, after graduating from junior high school, Wahid moved to Magelang to begin Muslim Education at Pesantren Tegalrejo. He developed a reputation as a gifted student, graduated from schools within two years (supposed to be four years old). In 1959, Wahid moved to Tambakberas Pesantren in Jombang. There, while continuing his own education, Abdurrahman Wahid also received his first job as a teacher and later as head of the madrassa. Gus Dur is also employed as a journalist for magazines such as Horizon and Majalah Budaya Jaya.

Education abroad.

In 1963, Wahid received a scholarship from the Ministry of Religious Affairs to study Islamic studies at Al Azhar University in Cairo, Egypt. He went to Egypt in November 1963. Although he is fluent in Arabic, Gus Dur was told by the university that he had to take remedial classes before studying Islam and Arabic. Being unable to provide evidence that he has the ability Arabic, Wahid was forced to take remedial classes.
Abdurrahman Wahid enjoy life in Egypt in 1964; he likes to watch movies of Europe and America, and also watch the football game. Wahid was also involved with the Association of Indonesian Students and became a journalist association's magazine. At the end of the year, he successfully passed its Arab remedial classes. When he began his study of Islam and Arabic in 1965, Gus Dur was disappointed; he has studied a lot of the materials provided and resisted learning method used University.
In Egypt, Wahid was employed at the Embassy of Indonesia. By the time he was working, the events 30 September Movement (G30S) occurs. Major General Suharto in Jakarta handled the situation and efforts to combat communists do. As part of these efforts, the Indonesian Embassy in Egypt was ordered to conduct an investigation on university students and provide a report of their political position. This command is given to Wahid, who was assigned to write a report.
Wahid failure in Egypt. He did not agree on the methods of education and job after the G-30 is very disturbing him. In 1966, he was told that he had to repeat the study. Gus Dur saved his undergraduate education through scholarships at the University of Baghdad. Wahid moved to Iraq and enjoying his new environment. Although he was inattentive at first, Wahid quickly learned. Wahid also continue its involvement in the Indonesian Student Association and also write the association's magazine.
After completing his education at the University of Baghdad in 1970, Abdurrahman Wahid went to Holland to continue his education. Wahid wanted to study at the University of Leiden, but was disappointed that his education at the University of Baghdad under-recognized. From the Netherlands, Wahid went to Germany and France before returning to Indonesia in 1971.

Early career.

Wahid returned to Jakarta expecting that he will go abroad again to study at McGill University in Canada. He kept himself busy by joining the Institute for Research, Education and Economic and Social Information (LP3ES) organization which consisted of intellectuals with progressive Muslims and social democrats. LP3ES established a magazine called "Prisma" and Wahid became one of the main contributors to the magazine. Besides working as a contributor LP3ES, Gusdur also toured schools and madrasahs across Java. At that time, schools struggled to get funding from the government by adopting the government curriculum. Gusdur was concerned with the conditions for the traditional values ​​of pesantren fading due to these changes. Gusdur also concerned with poverty schools that he saw. At the same time when they persuaded the government adopt the curricula of schools, the government also persuaded pesantren as agents of change and help the government in the economic development of Indonesia. Gusdur choose canceled studying abroad and prefer to develop pesantren.
Abdurrahman Wahid continued his career as a journalist, writing for magazines and newspapers The article was well received and he began to develop a reputation as a social commentator. With the popularity of it, he gets a lot of invitations to give lectures and seminars, making him to commute between Jakarta and Jombang, where Wahid live with his family.
Despite having a successful career at the time, Gusdur still find it hard to live on one source of income and he worked to earn additional revenue by selling peanuts and delivering ice. In 1974 Gusdur get additional work in Jombang as a teacher at Pesantren Tambakberas and soon developed a good reputation. One year later Wahid adds to his work by becoming a Master Kitab Al Hikam.
In 1977, Wahid joined the Hasyim Asyari University as dean of the Faculty of Islamic Beliefs and Practices and the University wants Gusdur teach additional subjects such as Islamic law and missiology. However, the excess caused some displeasure of most universities.

Nahdlatul Ulama.
Early involvement.

Wahid immediate family background means. He will be asked to play an active role in running the NU. This request is contrary to the aspirations of Gus Dur in being a public intellectual, and he twice rejected offers to join the Advisory Board of Religious NU. However, Wahid finally joined the council after his grandfather, Bisri, gave him a third bid. Due to take this job, Wahid also chose to move from Jombang to Jakarta and settled there. As members of the Religious Advisory Council, Wahid led himself as a reformer of NU.
At that time, Abdurrahman Wahid also got his first political experiences. In the legislative elections of 1982, Wahid campaigned for the United Development Party (PPP), an Islamist party that was formed as a result of the combined four Islamic parties, including NU. Wahid said that the PPP government interfere campaign by arresting people like himself. However, Wahid has always managed to escape because of its links with important people like Gen. Benny Murdani.

Reforming NU.

At that time, many people are looking at NU as an organization in a state of stagnation / stalled. After discussion, the Religious Advisory Council finally formed a Team Seven (which included Wahid) to work on the issue of reform and to help revive NU. Reforms in the organization including leadership changes. On May 2, 1982, high officials met with the Chairman of NU NU Idham and requested that he resign. Idham, who has guided NU in the era of the transition of power from Sukarno to Suharto initially resisted, but eventually backed down because of pressure. On May 6, 1982, Wahid heard Idham choice to step back and see him, then he said that the request was not constitutional retreat. With the appeal Wahid Wahid Idham cancel its decline and along with Team Seven was able to negotiate an agreement between Idham and the person requesting its decline.
In 1983, Suharto was re-elected president for a term of 4th by the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) and began to take steps to make Pancasila as the state ideology. From June 1983 until October 1983, Wahid became part of the group assigned to prepare NU's response to these issues. Wahid consulted with such reading Quran and Sunnah for justification and finally, in October 1983, he concluded that NU should accept Pancasila as the state ideology. For more revive NU, Wahid also resigned from the PPP and political parties. This is done so that NU can focus on social issues rather than hampered by engaging in politics.

Elected president and the first term.

Reform Wahid makes it very popular among NU. At the time of the 1984 National Congress, many people are starting to express their desire to nominate Wahid as the new Chairman of NU. Wahid accept this nomination on condition that he obtain full authority to select the managers who will be working under him. Wahid was elected as the chairman of Nahdlatul Ulama in the National Congress. However, the requirement to be able to choose their own officials below are not met. On the last day of the General Assembly, the members list is being discussed Wahid approval by senior officials, including the Chairman of the NU NU tinggu earlier, Idham. Wahid previously has provided a list to the Committee Meeting which was due to be announced that day. However, the National Conference Committee, which is contrary to Idham, announcing a completely different list of participants Munas.
The election of Gus Dur was seen positively by Suharto and the New Order regime. Wahid acceptance of Pancasila along with its moderate image making is favored by government officials. In 1985, Suharto made Gus Dur indoktrinator Pancasila. In 1987, Abdurrahman Wahid showed further support for the regime by criticizing PPP in the 1987 legislative elections and strengthen Suharto's Golkar Party. He then became a member of the Assembly representing Golkar. Although he is favored by the regime, Wahid criticized the government for Kedung Ombo project funded by the World Bank. It relaxes Wahid relationship with the government, but when it Suharto still receiving political support from NU.
During his first term, Gus Dur focus in reforming the education system and the schools managed to improve the quality of the education system so that schools can rival secular school. In 1987, Gus Dur also set up study groups in Probolinggo, East Java, to provide a forum for like-minded individuals within NU to discuss and provide interpretations of Muslim text. Gus Dur had also faced criticism that he expects to change the Muslim greeting "assalamualaikum" into a secular greeting "good morning".

Second term and against the New Order.

Wahid was re-elected for a second term at the NU Chairman of the National Congress of 1989. At that time, Suharto, who was involved in a political battle with the Armed Forces, began to attract the sympathy of Muslims for their support. In December 1990, the Association of Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals (ICMI) was formed to attract the hearts of Muslim Intellectuals. This organization is supported by Suharto, chaired by Baharuddin Jusuf Habibie and included Muslim intellectuals such as Amien Rais and Nurcholish Madjid as a member. In 1991, some members of ICMI ask Gus Dur join. Gus Dur refused because he thought that ICMI support sectarianism and will make Soeharto remained strong. In 1991, Wahid against ICMI by forming the Democracy Forum, an organization composed of 45 intellectuals from various religious and social communities. This organization is taken into account by the government and the government to stop the meeting organized by the Democracy Forum just before the 1992 legislative elections.
In March 1992, Gus Dur Great Council plans to hold to celebrate the birthday of the NU-66 and reiterated support for NU against Pancasila. Wahid plan the event was attended by at least one million NU members. However, Suharto hinder the event, ordered the police to return the bus contain NU members when they arrived in Jakarta. However, the event was attended by 200,000 people. After the show, Gus Dur sent a letter of protest to Suharto stated that NU was not given a chance to show Islam that is open, fair and tolerant. During his second term as chairman of NU, Gus Dur liberal ideas began to change many of its supporters into disagree. As chairman, Wahid continued to encourage interfaith dialogue and even accepted an invitation to visit Israel in October 1994.

Third term and towards reform.

Towards the National Congress in 1994, Gus Dur nominate himself for a third term. Hearing this, Suharto wanted Wahid was not elected. In the weeks prior to the General Assembly, supporters of Suharto, Habibie and Harmoko such as campaigning against the re-election of Gus Dur. When the national congress is held, the election closely guarded by the armed forces in acts of intimidation. There are also efforts to bribe NU members to not choose it. However, Gus Dur still elected as chairman of NU for a third term. During this period, Gus Dur start a political alliance with Megawati Sukarnoputri of the Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI). Megawati, who uses his father's name has great popularity and plans to keep pressing the Soeharto regime. Wahid advised Megawati to be cautious and reject elected President of the General Session 1998. Megawati ignored and paid the price when in July 1996 the headquarters PDInya taken over by supporters of the government-backed PDI Chairman, Suryadi.
Seeing what happened to Megawati, Gus Dur think that the best option now is to retreat politically by supporting the government. In November 1996, Wahid and Suharto met for the first time since his re-election as chairman Gus Dur NU and the next few months followed by a meeting with various government leaders who in 1994 attempted to block the re-election of Gus Dur. At the same time, Gus Dur let his options for reform remain open and in December 1996 met with Amien Rais, ICMI members who are critical of government policies.
July 1997 is the beginning of the Asian Financial Crisis. Suharto began to lose control of the situation. Gus Dur encouraged to reform by Megawati and Amien, but he suffered a stroke in January 1998. From the hospital, Wahid saw the situation continues to worsen with Suharto's re-election as president and the student protests that led to riots in May 1998 after the shooting of six students at Trisakti University , On May 19, 1998, Gus Dur, along with eight key leaders of the Muslim community, were called to the residence of Suharto. Soeharto concept Reform Committee that he proposed. Nine leaders refused to join the Reform Committee. Gus Dur has a more moderate stance with Suharto and asked demonstrators to stop to see if Suharto will keep his word. [30] It is not preferred Amien, which is the most critical of Suharto's opposition at the time. However, Suharto announced his resignation on May 21, 1998. Vice President Habibie became the President.

Reformation.
Formation of PKB and Ciganjur statement.

One effect of the collapse of Suharto was the formation of new political parties. Under the Suharto regime, only three political parties: Golkar, PPP and PDI. With the fall of Suharto, political parties began to form, with the most important is the National Mandate Party (PAN) Amien formation and the Indonesian Democratic Party-Struggle (PDI-P) formed by Megawati. In June 1998, many of the NU community asks Gus Dur to form a new political party. He did not immediately implement the idea. But in July 1998 he began to respond to the idea for establishing a political party is the only way to fight the Golkar in the general election. Wahid approved the establishment of PKB and became Chairman of the Advisory Board with Matori Abdul Djalil as party chairman. Although the party is dominated by members of NU, Gus Dur said that the party is open to everyone.
In November 1998, during a meeting in Ciganjur, Wahid, together with Megawati, Amien, and Sultan Hamengkubuwono X reiterated their commitment to reform. On February 7, 1999, PKB officially declared Wahid as a candidate for the presidential election.

Election 1999 General Session.

In June 1999, the PKB party participating in legislative elections arena. PKB won 12% of the vote with the PDI-P won 33% of the vote. With the victory of his party, Megawati is expected to win the presidential election in the General Session. However, PDI-P did not have a majority of seats filled, thus forming an alliance with the CBA. In July, Amien Rais form the Central Axis, a coalition of Muslim parties. Central Axis began nominating Wahid as a third candidate in the presidential election and PKB's commitment to the PDI-P began to change.
On October 7, 1999, Amien and the Central Axis officially declared Wahid as a presidential candidate. On October 19, 1999, the MPR rejected Habibie's accountability speech and he withdrew from the presidential race. Moments later, Akbar Tanjung, Golkar chairman and chairman of the House of Representatives (DPR) said Golkar would support Wahid. On October 20, 1999, the Assembly convened and began choosing a new president. Abdurrahman Wahid was elected President of Indonesia for-4 with 373 votes, while Megawati only 313 voices.
Not happy because their candidates failed to win the election, supporters of Megawati and Gus Dur rampage realize that Megawati should be elected as vice president. After convincing General Wiranto not to participate in the election of vice-president and make the PKB to support Megawati, Gus Dur has also managed to convince Megawati to participate. On October 21, 1999, Megawati participate in the election and the vice president Hamzah Haz defeat of the PPP.

Presidency.
1999.

President Abdurrahman Wahid and Vice President Megawati Soekarnoputri in the ceremony of Independence Day August 17, 2000 at the Merdeka Palace, Jakarta
Wahid's first Cabinet, the Cabinet of National Unity, is a coalition cabinet includes members of various political parties: PDI-P, PKB, Golkar, PPP, PAN, and the Justice Party (PK). Non-partisan and TNI are also present in the cabinet. Wahid then started doing two government reform. The first reform is to dissolve the Ministry of Information, the main weapon of the Suharto regime in control of the media. The second reform is to dissolve the Ministry of Social corrupt.
In November 1999, Wahid visited the ASEAN member countries, Japan, the United States, Qatar, Kuwait, and Jordan. After that, in December, he visited the People's Republic of China.
After one month of National Unity Cabinet, Minister of the Coordinating Minister for Poverty Alleviation (Coordinating Taskin) Hamzah Haz announced his resignation in November. Alleged that his resignation caused by Gus Dur has accused some members of the cabinet of corruption while he was still in the United States. Some suspect that the resignation of Hamzah Haz caused displeasure on approach Abdurrahman with Israel.
Gus Dur's plan is to give Aceh referendum. But this referendum determines the autonomy and not independence like East Timor referendum. Gus Dur also want to adopt a softer approach towards Aceh by reducing the number of military personnel in the State of the Veranda of Mecca. On December 30, Wahid visited Jayapura in Irian Jaya province. During his visit, Abdurrahman Wahid managed to convince the leaders of Papua that he encouraged the use of the name Papua.

2000.

In January 2000, Gus Dur travel to other overseas to Switzerland to attend the World Economic Forum and visited Saudi Arabia the way back to Indonesia. In February, Wahid traveled abroad to Europe by visiting the UK, France, Netherlands, Germany, and Italy. On the way home from Europe, Wahid also visited India, South Korea, Thailand, and Brunei Darussalam. In March, Wahid visited Timor Leste. In April, Wahid visited South Africa on their way to Cuba to attend a meeting of G-77, before back through Mexico City and Hong Kong. In June, Wahid once again visited the United States, Japan, and France with Iran, Pakistan, and Egypt as the new additions to the list of countries he visited.
When Gus Dur was traveling to Europe in February, he began to ask General Wiranto to resign from the post of Coordinating Minister for Politics and Security. Wahid saw Wiranto as an obstacle to the planned military reform, and also because of allegations of human rights abuses in East Timor against Wiranto.
When Gus Dur back to Jakarta, Wiranto talked to him and succeeded in convincing Wahid not replace it. However, Gus Dur then changed his mind and asked him to resign. In April 2000, Wahid sacked Minister of State for Trade and Industry Jusuf Kalla and Minister of State Enterprises Laksamana Sukardi. Wahid The reason given is that both are involved in corruption cases, although Gus Dur never provide strong evidence. This exacerbated Abdurrahman relations with Golkar and PDI-P.
In March 2000, the Wahid government began negotiating with the Free Aceh Movement (GAM). Two months later, the government signed a memorandum of understanding with GAM until early 2001, when the two signatories would violate the agreement. Gus Dur also suggested that TAP MPRS No. XXIX / MPR / 1966 which prohibits Marxism-Leninism revoked.
He also attempted to establish relations with Israel, which caused outrage in the Muslim group in Indonesia. This issue was raised in the speech Ribbhi Awad, the Palestinian ambassador to Indonesia, told the Palestinian parliament in 2000. Another issue that arises is the membership Abdurrahman Shimon Peres Foundation. Both Wahid and his foreign minister Alwi Shihab, Indonesian President opposes portrayals improper, and Alwi called for Awad, the Palestinian ambassador to Indonesia, replaced.
In efforts to reform the military and the military issued from socio-political space, Gus Dur find allies, namely Wirahadikusumah, the appointment of the Commander of Army Strategic Reserve Command in March. In July 2000, Agus began to open the scandal involving Dharma Putra, a foundation linked to the Strategic Reserve Command. Through Megawati, TNI members began pressuring Wahid to remove Agus positions. Gus Dur follow these pressures, but plans to appoint Agus as Chief of Army Staff. Military officials responded by threatening to retire, so Gus Dur should be according to the pressure.
Gus Dur relationship with TNI worse when Laskar Jihad arrived in Maluku and armed by the TNI. Laskar Jihad went to Maluku to assist Muslims in conflict with the Christian. Wahid asked for military action to stop the Laskar Jihad, but they still managed to reach the Moluccas and armed by the TNI weapons.
There were also two scandals in 2000, the scandal Buloggate and Bruneigate. In May, the National Logistics Agency (Bulog) reported that $ 4 million disappeared from Bulog cash inventory. Abdurrahman's personal masseur claims that he was sent by Gus Dur to Bulog to take the money. Although the money has been restored, Gus Dur enemies accused him of involvement in the scandal. This scandal called the scandal Buloggate. At the same time, Wahid was also accused of keeping $ 2 million for himself. The money was a donation from the Sultan of Brunei to help in Aceh. However, Gus Dur fails to account for the funds. This scandal called the scandal Bruneigate.
General Session 2000 is almost here, the popularity of Gus Dur still high. Wahid allies such as Megawati, Akbar and Amien still support him despite the scandals and the removal of the minister. At the General Session, Gus Dur's speech received by the majority members of the Assembly. During the speech, Wahid aware of his weaknesses as a leader and said he would delegate some tasks. MPR members agreed and suggested that Megawati accept the task. At first MPR plans to implement this proposal as MPR, but a Presidential Decree was sufficient. On August 23, Gus Dur announced a new Cabinet despite Megawati wants the announcement was delayed. Megawati showed his displeasure by not present at the announcement of the cabinet. The new cabinet are smaller and include more non-partisan. There is no Golkar members in the new cabinet Gus Dur.
In September, Wahid declared a military emergency in Maluku as conditions there worsen. At that point it became clear that Laskar Jihad is supported by members of the military and also the possibility funded by Fuad Bawazier, finance minister last Soeharto. In the same month, the Morning Star flag fluttering in West Papua. Gus Dur allow the Morning Star flag was hoisted as long as it is under the Indonesian flag. He was criticized by Megawati and Akbar because of this. On December 24, 2000, bomb attacks on churches in Jakarta and eight other cities across Indonesia.
At the end of 2000, there are many political elites were disappointed with Abdurrahman Wahid. The best person to show his disappointment was Amien. He expressed dismay support Gus Dur as president last year. Amien also trying to raise opposition to convince Megawati and Gus Dur to loosen their political muscles. Megawati protect Gus Dur, while Akbar awaiting legislative elections in 2004. At the end of November, 151 members of Parliament signed a petition calling for the impeachment of Gus Dur.

2001 and the final rule.

In January 2001, Gus Dur announced that the Lunar New Year holidays become optional. This action followed by the lifting of restrictions on the use of Chinese letters. Gus Dur then visited North Africa and Saudi Arabia for the pilgrimage. Abdurrahman Wahid did his last visit abroad as president in June 2001 when he visited Australia.
At a meeting with university rectors on January 27, 2001, Gus Dur said the possibility of Indonesia entered into anarchism. He then proposed the dissolution of Parliament if they occur. The meeting adds to the anti-Wahid. On February 1, the House met to issue a memorandum against Gus Dur. The Memorandum contains the holding of the MPR Special Session where the impeachment of President to do. PKB members could only walk out in response to this. The memorandum also sparked protests among NU. In East Java, NU members protested around the regional office of Golkar. In Jakarta, Gus Dur opposition accused him of pushing down the protest. Wahid denied it and went to talk with the demonstrators in Pasuruan. However, NU protesters continued to demonstrate their support for Wahid and in April announced that they are ready to defend Gus Dur as president to death.
In March, Wahid tried to counter the opposition by dissidents against the cabinet. Minister of Justice and Human Rights Yusril Ihza Mahendra was removed from the cabinet because he announced a request for Gus Dur retreat. Nurmahmudi Forestry Minister Ismail was also removed for different reasons with the vision of the President, the opposite in policy making, and the bet is not able to control the Justice Party, which at that time participated in the mass action demanded that he resign. In response to this, Megawati began to distance and did not attend the inauguration of the replacement of the minister. On April 30, the House of Representatives issued a second memorandum and called for a Special Session on August 1st.
Gus Dur was getting desperate and requested the Coordinating Minister for Political, Social and Security (Coordinating Polsoskam) Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono to declare a state of emergency. Yudhoyono refused and Wahid remove him from his post along with four other ministers in a cabinet reshuffle on July 1, 2001. Finally, on July 20, Amien Rais stated that the Special Session will be forwarded on July 23. TNI lowered 40,000 troops in Jakarta and also lowers the tank pointing towards the National Palace as a form of appointment powers.

Gus Dur then declaring the decree that contains  :

(1) dissolution of the MPR / DPR,
(2) to return sovereignty to the people by speeding up elections within one year,
(3) froze the Golkar Party as a form of resistance to the special session of the Assembly. However, the decree does not support and on July 23, the Assembly was officially impeach Wahid and replace him with Megawati Sukarnoputri. Abdurrahman Wahid continued to insist that he is the president and remain in the State Palace for several days, but finally on July 25, he went to the United States because of health problems.

Activity after the presidency.
The split on the body PKB.

Before the MPR Special Session, PKB members agreed not to attend as a sign of solidarity. However, Matori Abdul Djalil, chairman of PKB, insisted on attending because he was Vice Chairman of the Assembly. With his position as Chairman of the Shura Council, Abdurrahman dropped Matori position as PKB chairman on 15 August 2001 and forbade him to participate in party activities prior to revoke the membership of Matori in November. On January 14, 2002, Matori hold a Special National Conference which was attended by supporters in PKB. The National Conference was re-elected chairman of the PKB. Gus Dur Munasnya responded by holding its own on 17 January, a day after the National Conference National Conference Matori finished re Wahid as Chairman of the Advisory Board and as Chairman of the PKB Alwi Shihab. Gus Dur PKB better known as PKB Kuningan while PKB Matori known as PKB Batutulis.

2004 elections.

In April 2004, PKB participate in the General Election of DPR, DPD and DPRD Indonesia in 2004, gaining 10.6% of the vote. For the General Election of President and Vice President of Indonesia in 2004, where people will vote directly, PKB choose Wahid as its presidential candidate. However, Wahid failed to pass the medical examination so that the Election Commission refused include it as a candidate. Gus Dur and support Solahuddin which is a pair of Wiranto. On July 5, 2004, Wiranto and Solahuddin lost the election. For the second election between the Yudhoyono-Kalla and Megawati-Muzadi, Gus Dur said abstentions.

Opposition to the government of SBY.

In August 2005, Wahid became one of the leaders of the political coalition called Coalition Nusantara Bersatu Risen. Along with Try Sutrisno, Wiranto, Akbar Tanjung, and Megawati, this coalition criticized the policies of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, especially regarding the withdrawal of fuel subsidies that would cause a rise in fuel prices.

Personal life.

Wahid married to Sinta Nuriyah and had four children: Alissa Qotrunnada, Zannuba Ariffah Chafsoh (Yenny), Anita Hayatunnufus, and Inayah Wulandari. Yenny also active politically in the National Awakening Party and is currently the director of the Wahid Institute.

Dead.

Gus Dur had many illnesses, even since he took office as president. He suffered from impaired vision so often a letter and a book that should be read or written to be read or written by others. Several times he had a stroke. Diabetes and kidney disorders also suffered. He passed away on Wednesday, December 30, 2009, at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, at 18:45 due to the complications of the disease, which he suffered for a long time. Before he died, he had to undergo hemodialysis (dialysis) routine. According to his brother Salahuddin Wahid, Gus Dur passed away due to blockage in the arteries. A week before being transferred to Jakarta he had been treated in Jombang after traveling in East Java.

Testimonials.

KH. Mustafa Bisri (Gus Mus)
"I think Gus Dur was sent by God, to teach so clever Indonesia is different from the others. Therefore, Gus Dur was very controversial, every attitude and his words give rise to kontoroversi. By doing so, the Indonesian people will learn how to differ with others. It is actually the essence of Gus Dur's presence in Indonesia.
Then, we will become a country that is truly democratic, respect for the opinions of others. We state very pluralistic, very diverse. We have a slogan Unity in Diversity, and that lately like being challenged by people who could not be different from his brothers. Gus Dur was instrumental, very meritorious and more. Maybe later, followers were responsible to continue the struggle. "
Soekarnoputra thunder.
"I think he deserves to be a national hero. A lot of things from it that needs to be followed and had been copied-temurunkan to the younger generation. For example, what made a book about his thoughts, his biography and so on. "
Viryanadi Mahatera.
"Gus Dur was one figure who truly universal. During this time Gus Dur is often present in the midst of us. Whenever there is major events, such as seminars, talk shows in the context of pluralism, and others. And what was delivered; messages, instructions, advice, this brought progress to specifically Buddhist. Gus Dur was a mentor to us. "
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (excerpt of the speech in the closing ceremony of a state in Ponpes Tebuireng).
"As reformers, the deceased has taught us the universal ideas about the importance we as a nation of diverse this respect and appreciate justice. By speaking, properties, and actions, Gus Dur waged simultaneously institutionalize our homage to the diversity and identity are mixed from different religions, beliefs, ethnicity, and regionalism. Knowingly or not, in fact he is the father of multikularisme pluralism in Indonesia. "

Appreciation.

In 1993, Wahid received the Ramon Magsaysay Award, a prestigious award that is enough for the Community Leadership category.
Wahid was named as the "Father of Chinese" by some Chinese figures Semarang Tay Kak Sie Temple, Gang Lombok, which is known as the Chinatown neighborhood on March 10, 2004.
He received an award from the Simon Wiesenthal Center, a foundation engaged in the enforcement of human rights. Wahid received the award because they think he is one of the leaders who care about human rights issues. Gus Dur's award Mebal Valor is based in Los Angeles since Wahid considered to have the courage to defend minorities, one of them in the defense of religious Confucianism in Indonesia in obtaining their rights that had stuck during the New Order era. Wahid was also awarded from Temple University. His name is immortalized as the name of Abdurrahman Wahid study group Chair of Islamic Study.
On July 21, 2010, although it had died, he received the Lifetime Achievement Award in Liputan6 Awards 2010. The award was handed over directly to Sinta Nuriyah, wife of Gus Dur.

Tasrif Award-AJI.

On August 11, 2006, Girl Arivia and Gus Dur get Tasrif Award-AJI as Press Freedom Fighters 2006. This award is given by the Alliance of Independent Journalists (AJI). Gus Dur and the girl is considered to have passion, vision, and commitment in the fight for freedom of expression, equality, the spirit of diversity, and democracy in Indonesia. Gus Dur and girls selected by a jury consisting of cultural butet kertaradjasa, The Jakarta Post chief editor Endy Bayuni, and Chairman of the National Commission for Women Chandra Kirana. They won over 23 other candidates. Tasrif Choice Award for Gus Dur protests from the journalists who attended the press conference.
A reporter said that just because Gus Dur efforts against the Bill Anti-Obscenity and Pornography, she received the award. While other journalists like Ati Nurbaiti, former Chairman of AJI Indonesia and The Jakarta Post journalist denied and questioned the relationship Wahid struggle against the draft law with the freedom of the press.

Honorary doctorate.

Gus Dur also are gaining an Honorary Doctorate (Doctor Honoris Causa) from various educational institutions:
Honorary Doctor of Philosophy in Law from Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand (2000)
Honorary Doctorate from the Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand (2000)
Honorary Doctor of Law and Political Science, Economics and Management, Humanities and Sciences of the University Pantheon Sorbonne, Paris, France (2000)
Honorary Doctorate from Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand (2000)
Honorary Doctorate from the University of Twente, The Netherlands (2000)
Honorary Doctorate from the Jawaharlal Nehru University, India (2000)
Honorary Doctorate from the University of Soka Gakkai, Tokyo, Japan (2002)
Honorary Doctorate from the University of Humanitarian field Netanya, Israel (2003)
Honorary Doctorate of Law from Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea (2003)
Honorary Doctorate of Sun Moon University, Seoul, South Korea (2003).
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
Name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://www.indonesiansocieti.blogspot.com/2016/04/president-abdurrahman-wahid.html
DatePublished: pril 29 2016 at 10:01

Tag : President Abdurrahman Wahid.