Japanese history.

The oldest document in the history of Japan is a collection of historical manuscripts History of Twenty-Four Chinese dynasties origin 1st century AD. However, the evidence showed the Japanese archipelago has been inhabited since the Upper Paleolithic era. After the last ice age around 12,000 BC, the rich ecosystem of the Japanese Archipelago that allows humans to live. The oldest pottery dating back to the Jomon.

Japanese prehistory.
Japanese Paleolithic.

Japanese Paleolithic lasted from about 100,000 to 30,000 BC, starting from the use of stone tools and ended about 12,000 BC at the end of the last ice age that is both the beginning of the Mesolithic period Jomon era. The evidences of archaeological excavations show the Japanese archipelago has been inhabited since 35,000 BC. Japan islands separated from mainland Asia after the last ice age around 11,000 BC. After disclosure of the Paleolithic era Japanese deception by an amateur researcher Shinichi Fujimura, evidence of the origin of the Lower Paleolithic era and the Middle Paleolithic era claimed by Fujimura and colleagues have re-examined and rejected.

Jomon Period.

Jomon Period lasted from about 14,000 BC to 300 BC. The first signs of civilization and stable pattern of human life appeared around 14,000 BC with the Jomon culture, characterized by characterized by the hunter-gatherer lifestyle of semi-sedentary Mesolithic to Neolithic. They live in houses built on the excavated soil and above established roofed wooden houses. Jomon era people are familiar with early forms of agriculture, but do not yet know how to weave fabric and apparel made of fur. Jomon era people started to make clay pots decorated with patterns imprinted onto the surface of the vessel while still wet using a wooden stick or rope or noose. Although the research casts doubt, according to radiocarbon dating test, some examples of pottery of the oldest in the world come from Japan, with daggers, jade, combs from the shells, and goods more households are from the 11th century BC. Clay dolls called Dogu also found from the excavation site. Household items indicate the possibility of the trade away to Okinawa. DNA analysis showed that the indigenous population of Hokkaido and the northern part of Honshu Island, called the Ainu are descendants of the Jomon era and is a descendant of the first human inhabitants of the Japanese.

Yayoi period.

Yayoi period lasted from about 400 BC or 300 BC to 250 AD. Of the city's archaeological sites Yayoi, Bunkyo district, Tokyo artifacts era origin who then called Yayoi era.
In the early days of Yayoi Yayoi people have started to weave, rice cultivation, know shamanism and the making of iron and bronze utensils learned from Korea or China. Numerous studies show paleoetnobotani paddy planting techniques and irrigation has been known since about 8000 BC in the Yangtze River Delta and spread to Japan around 1000 BC.
Written documents first mention of Japan is the Book End Han origin AD 57. The book recounts, "Across the ocean from the District Auction Wa people live in. They are more than 100 tribes, they often come and pay tribute." Historical Record of the Three Kingdoms of the 3rd century to list the countries that formed from a collection of 30 small tribes ruled by a female shaman named Himiko of Yamatai.
During the Han Dynasty and Wei Dynasty, China rover arrived at Kyushu and notes about the residents who live there. According to the rover China, they are descended from the Great Uncle (Taibo) of the state of Wu. Residents there also showed the characteristics of a pre-Wu Chinese people who know the tattoo, tradition tooth pulled, and hold the baby. Books Sanguo Zhi noted physical characteristics that are similar to the physical characteristics of people depicted in Haniwa doll. Men with long hair braided, body decorated with tattoos, and women dressed in overalls large.
Yoshinogari Site is the largest archaeological site for the relic of the era Yayoi settlements on Kyushu revealed that has been inhabited continuously for hundreds of years. The results of excavations showed the oldest artefacts dating from around 400 BC. Among the artifacts found are iron and bronze tools, including tools from Korea and China. From the relics of the era Yayoi estimated already established contacts and trade with people from Mainland China.

Ancient and classical times Japan.
Kofun period.

Kofun period began around 250 AD The name of this era comes from the tradition of the ancient people to make the tomb mound (tumulus) called Kofun. At this time there are already countries strong military with influential clans as rulers. One of them contained the dominant Yamato state, and centered in the province of Yamato and Kawachi Province. Yamato state lasted from the 3rd century to the 7th century, and is the origin of the Japanese imperial lineage. Yamato state ruling over other clans and acquiring agricultural lands retain strong influence in western Japan. Japan began sending envoys to the Chinese Empire in the 5th century. In a document written about the history of China Wa state that has five kings. The system of government in Wa emulate the Chinese model which introduced a system of centralized administration. The imperial system is also modeled on China, and the community is divided into strata based profession.
A close relationship between Japan and the Three Kingdoms of Korea began in mid-Kofun era, around the end of the 4th century.

Asuka period.

In the days of Asuka (538-710), the ancient Japanese Yamato state is gradually becoming a centralized state. Japan ancient country already has laws as stated in the Act Taiho and grains Taika Reform. The entry of Buddhism in Japan resulted in people no longer make Kofun shaped tomb.
Buddhism into Japan around the year 538 by Baekje who received military support from Japan. The spread of Buddhism in Japan conducted by the authorities. Prince Shotoku devoted himself to the spread of Buddhism and Chinese culture in Japan. He is credited with preparing the Constitutional Article 17 which brings peace in Japan. Constitutional formulation influenced by Confucian thought about various moral and virtue expected of public officials and servants of the emperor.
In a letter delivered Imperial Japanese ambassador to Imperial China in 607 written the words, "The Emperor sunrise country (Japan) sent a letter to the emperor in the land of the sunset (China)". The letter led to anger the Chinese emperor.
The command begins with Taika Reform of 645, Japan, increasingly, adopt the cultural practices of China, reorganized the government, and to develop the criminal law (Ritsuryō) by following the Chinese administrative structure at that time. The term Nihon (日本?) Also began to be used as the name of the country since the days of Asuka.

Nara period.

Nara period in the 8th century was marked by a strong Japanese state. In the year 710, the emperor issued an order Gemmei empire that moved the capital to Heijō-kyō now called Nara. Heijō-kyō built by imitating Tang Dynasty capital of Chang'an (now called Xi'an).
Throughout the ages Nara, political development is very limited. Members of the imperial family struggled for power with the monks and nobles, including the Fujiwara clan. Foreign relations took place with formal relations with Silla and Tang Dynasty. In 784, the capital was moved to Nagaoka-kyō to keep the palace from the influence of the monks, before being transferred to Heian-kyō (Kyoto).
Writing Japanese history culminating in the early 8th century with the completion of the preparation of the chronicles Kojiki and Nihon Shoki.
In the second book of the history of Japan's history is told from the beginning since the days of Japanese mythology. In it was written about the founding of Japan in 660 BC by the Emperor Jimmu is a direct descendant of Amaterasu. According to the chronicles of the Emperor Jimmu an ancestor of the current emperor's lineage. Emperor Jimmu is often regarded as the first emperor of imperial myth because based on the evidence of history is that the Emperor Ōjin-year reign is unknown. Since the days of Nara, political power is not always in the hands of the emperor, but at the hands of nobility, shogun, the military, and is now in the hands of the prime minister.

Heian period.

The final period of classical Japanese history lasted from 794 to 1185, called the Heian period. The heyday of the imperial palace in the field of poetry and literature occurred in the Heian period. At the beginning of the 11th century, Murasaki Shikibu wrote the novel The Tale of Genji, which until now is one of the oldest novels in the world. In the Heian period is completed oldest manuscript collections of Japanese poetry, Man'yōshū and Kokin Wakashū.
In the Heian period developing a wide variety of local cultures, such as the original Japanese kana characters. Chinese cultural influence receded after arriving at the golden peak. Last Delivery Japanese envoy to Tang Dynasty in the year 838 took place in line with the decline of the Tang Dynasty. Nevertheless, China in continuing as a destination country trade expeditions and Buddhist pilgrims entourage.
Political power is in the hands of the imperial palace handful of noble family called Kuge, especially the powerful Fujiwara clan with a degree Sessho and Kampaku.
At the end of the Heian period appear various samurai clan. Four of the most powerful samurai clan is the clan Minamoto, the Taira clan, clan Fujiwara and Tachibana clan. Toward the end of the 12th century, the conflict antarklan transformed into a civil war like Hogen and the Heiji Rebellion. After the expiry of the Genpei War, Japan was under military rule by samurai clans under the leadership of a shogun.

Feudal times.

In the history of Japan, the feudal period is divided into two parts. The first half is called medieval (Chusei) of the Kamakura period to the Muromachi period, while the second half of the so-called modern age (Kinsei) of Azuchi-Momoyama era to the Edo period.
Japanese feudal era lasted from the 12th century until the 19th century, marked by the regional government by the families of daimyo under the control of the Shogunate military rule. Emperor only acted as de jure head of state while the power is in the hands of the shogun.

Kamakura period.

Kamakura shogunate ruled Japan from 1185 to 1333 called the Kamakura period which is the time of transition to medieval Japan. Medieval lasted for nearly 700 years when the central government, the palace, and the Emperor of Japan, only to run ceremonial functions. Civil affairs, military, and judiciary controlled by the samurai class. It is the de facto ruler of the land of political power in the hands of the shogun who came from the strongest samurai clans.
In 1185, Minamoto no Yoritomo destroying the Taira clan which is the mortal enemy of the Minamoto clan. After the year 1192 was appointed by the Emperor as Seii Tai-Shogun, Yoritomo established a military government in Kamakura and powerful as the first shogun Kamakura shogunate. After the death of Yoritomo, Hōjō clan into an influential clan and served as a trustee shogun.

The biggest events in the Kamakura period was the Mongol invasions of Japan between 1272 and 1281. The Mongols with naval technology and weaponry are superior tried to storm into the Japanese archipelago. Hurricanes later known as kamikaze (wind god) made a Mongol invasion force scattered. Nevertheless, some historians insist that Japan's coastal defenses built in Kyushu sufficient to repel the invaders. Although the Mongol invasion was foiled, an attempt to overcome the Mongol invasion led to the end of the shogunate rule due to political turmoil in the country.
Kamakura period ended after the fall of the Kamakura shogunate in 1333. Power was returned to the hands of the empire under the reign of Emperor Go-Daigo during the Restoration Kemmu is only brief. Government Go-Daigo back overthrown by Ashikaga Takauji.

Muromachi period.

In the periodization of the history of Japan, Muromachi period lasted from about 1136 until 1673 when government power is in the hands of the Ashikaga Shogunate also called Muromachi Shogunate. Founder of the Ashikaga shogunate Ashikaga Takauji is the political power of the Emperor Go-Daigo and ending Restoration Kemmu. Muromachi period ended in 1573 when the shogun all 15 at the same time last Muromachi shogun, Ashikaga Yoshiaki was expelled from the capital city of Kyoto by Oda Nobunaga.
The early years of the Muromachi period is also called the era Nanboku-cho era palace or the North-South Istana palace when power is torn between North Castle and the Palace of the South. Since 1467 until the end of the Muromachi period known as the Sengoku era or "times states are at war". In the Sengoku period of civil war and power struggles between provinces. In this period also witnessed Japan's first contact with Westerners called Nanban trade when Portuguese merchants arrived in Japan.

A Portuguese ship that sailed to China hit by a storm and arrived at an island called Tanegashima Japan. Firearms were introduced by the Portuguese brought the military technological advances in the Sengoku period, and culminating in the Battle Nagashino involving samurai forces armed with arquebus shoots 3,000 (the actual number is estimated at about 2,000 pieces). During the Nanban trading, traders from other countries, the Netherlands, England, and Spain also came. The arrival of the traders also brought Christian missionaries, the United Jesuits, Dominicans and Franciscan missionaries.

Azuchi-Momoyama period.

From 1568 to 1600 in Japan called Azuchi-Momoyama era. Japan united military and the country becomes stable under the rule of Oda Nobunaga, followed by Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Azuchi-Momoyama era term derived from the name of the palace (castle), which became the headquarters of the two great leaders, Nobunaga in Azuchi and Hideyoshi's palace at Momoyama Palace.
After successfully bringing together Japan, Hideyoshi sought to expand the area with the invasion of Korea. Two attempts ended with the conquest of Korea Hideyoshi's withdrawal of troops from the Korean Peninsula in 1598 as a result defeated the combined forces of Korea and China, as well as the death of Hideyoshi.
Hideyoshi succession of post-conflict ended with the rise of Tokugawa Ieyasu as the new leader of Japan. Governmental power into the hands Ieyasu after defeating Toyotomi Hideyori support troops in the Battle of Sekigahara.

Edo Period (1603-1868).

In the Edo period is a regional autonomous government in the hands of more than two hundred daimyo officials. As the strongest clans, Tokugawa clan leaders for generations served as shogun (sei-i taishōgun). The Tokugawa shogunate headquartered in Edo (now Tokyo) led the daimyo in their respective autonomous regions called domains (han).
Placed by the Shogunate samurai class above grade ordinary people, farmers, artisans, and merchants. Shogunate issued a law that governs all aspects of life, starting from haircuts and clothing for each class in society. Shogun obliging the daimyo alternately on duty in Edo. They provided a luxury residence in Edo in order not to rebel. Military force suppressed local daimyo, and are required to seek permission from the center before it can repair military facilities. Tokugawa Shogunate collapsed after the Boshin War of 1868-1869.
Edo period was the golden age of painting ukiyo-e and kabuki and bunraku theater arts. A number of well-known composition for koto and shakuhachi is derived from the Edo period.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://www.indonesiansocieti.blogspot.com/2016/05/japanese-history.html
DatePublished: May 5, 2016 at 10:45

Tag : Japanese, history.