Jakarta's international airport, Soekarno-Hatta, using the name as a tribute to his services. Besides enshrined in Indonesia, Mohammad Hatta name is also immortalized in the Netherlands is as the name of the street in a residential area Zuiderpolder, Haarlem under the name Mohammed Hattastraat. In 1980, he died and was buried in the Land coachman, Jakarta. Bung Hatta established as one of the National Hero of Indonesia on October 23, 1986 through Presidential Decree number 081 / TK / 1986 /
Early life.
Background.
Mohammad Hatta was born to Muhammad Djamil and Siti Saleha originating from the Minangkabau. His father was a descendant of the clergy congregation in Batuhampar, near Payakumbuh, West Sumatra. While his mother came from a merchant family in London. He was born with the name of Muhammad Athar on August 12, 1902. Her name, Athar comes from the Arabic, which means "fragrant". He is the second child, after Rafiah, who was born in 1900. Since childhood, he has been educated and raised in a devout family implement the teachings of Islam. Paternal grandfather, Abdurahman Batuhampar scholars known as the founder of Surau Batuhampar, surau last bit of post-War Padri. Meanwhile, his mother a descendant of the merchant. Some people mamak are major employers in Jakarta.His father died when he was seven months old. After the death of his father, his mother was married to Haji Agus Ning, a merchant from Palembang, Haji Ning often related trade with Ilyas Bagindo Angered, his maternal grandfather. From marriage to Siti Saleha Haji Ning, they had four children, all of whom are women.
Education and association.
Mohammad Hatta first formal education in private schools. After six months, he moved to the elementary school and classmates with Rafiah, brother. However, the lessons stopped in mid semester of third grade.He then moved to ELS in Padang (now SMA 1 Padang) until 1913, then went to MULO until 1917. In addition to general knowledge, he has forged the religious sciences since childhood. He studied religion to Muhammad Jamil Jambek, Abdullah Ahmad, and several other scholars. In addition to family, affects trade Hatta attention to the economy. In Padang, he knew the merchants who entered the Society of Business and is also active in Jong Sumatranen Bond as treasurer. These activities remain the resumption when he went to the Prins Hendrik School. Mohammad Hatta in Jakarta remains as treasurer.
His grandfather would intend to Mecca, and on this occasion, he can bring Mohammad Hatta pursue studies in the field of religion, namely Egypt (Al-Azhar). This was done to improve the quality of the surau in Batu Hampar which had been declining since abandoned Shaykh Abdurrahman. But, it was protested and proposed his uncle, Idris to replace him. According to Imran Amrin, Mr. Gaeknya disappointed and Sheikh Arsyad eventually surrender to God.
Family.
On November 18, 1945, married with Rahmi Hatta Hatta and three days after the marriage, they lived in Yogyakarta. Then, endowed three daughters named Meutia Farida Hatta, Hatta Rabi'ah Gemala and Nuriah Halida Hatta.
Struggles and movements.
1921-1932: While in the Netherlands.
Political movement he started at any school in the Netherlands from 1921 to 1932. He attended Handels Hogeschool (later the school is called Economische Hogeschool, now Erasmus University Rotterdam), during school there, he entered the social organization Indische Vereniging who later became a political organization with the effect of Ki Hadjar Dewantara, Cipto Mangunkusumo, and Douwes Dekker. In 1923, Hatta became treasurer and parenting magazines Indies Son who renamed Indonesia Merdeka. In 1924, the organization changed its name to Indische Vereniging (Association of Indonesia; PI).In 1926, he became leader of the Association of Indonesia. As a result, he was late completing the study. Under his leadership, PI gain changes. The association is more attention to the development of the movement in Indonesia by providing a lot of comments, and many reviews in the media in Indonesia. A year later, he should have been stopped from the post of chairman, but he had been back to 1930. In December 1926, Semaun of PKI come to Hatta to offer the leadership of the national movement in general to the PI, and besides, she and Semaun make a treaty called "Convention Semaun-Hatta ". This became the reason for the Dutch government wants to catch Hatta. At that time, Hatta has not approved the communist ideology. Stalin cancel Semaun desire, so that the relationship Hatta with communism began to deteriorate. Hatta attitude is opposed by members of the PI already controlled communist.
In 1927, he followed the trial "the League Against Imperialism, Colonial Oppression and for National Independence" in Frankfurt. In this trial, the communists and the envoys of Russia appeared want to master this trial, so that Hatta could not believe the communists. At that time, the magazine PI, Indonesia Merdeka fit easily into Indonesia through smuggling, as many raids by the police against the movement of suspects.
On September 25, 1927, Hatta along Sastroamidjojo, Datuk Nazir Pamuntjak, and Madjid Djojohadiningrat arrested by the Dutch authorities on charges of illegal party which followed linked with Semaun, involved uprising in Indonesia conducted the CPI from year 1926 to 1927, and incite (opruiing ) order against the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Moh. Hatta himself was sentenced to three years in prison. They were all imprisoned in Rotterdam. He is also accused will flee, so he is being introduced Indonesia to cities in Europe deliberately came home early so the news leaked.
All of the charges, he was rejected in his speech "Indonesia Merdeka" (Indonesie Vrij) at its second session on 22 March 1928. This speech to Indonesia by way of smuggling. He also defended 3 Dutch lawyer one of which comes from the parliament. Which of the parliament, called J.E.W. Duys. This figure is little sympathy for him. After being detained for several months, four of them were exonerated, because the allegations could not be substantiated.
Until 1931, Mohammad Hatta resign from his position as chairman for a bachelor about to take the exam, so he quit PI; however, it will still help PI. As a result, PI fell to the Communists, and received guidance from the Communist Party of the Netherlands and also from Moscow. After 1931, PI harshly criticized the policies Hatta and removing it from this organization. PI in the Netherlands condemned the attitude Hatta along Soedjadi because he openly criticized the PI. Societies hold the attitude of these two men.
In December 1931, the followers of Hatta immediately make a rival movement called the Free Movement which was later named the National Education of Indonesia which was later called the New PNI. It encourages Hatta and Sjahrir who at the time was studying in the Netherlands to take concrete steps to prepare for leadership there. Hatta himself felt the need to finish his studies first. Therefore, Sjahrir was forced to go home and to lead the PNI. If Hatta back in 1932, is expected Syahrir can continue his studies.
1932-1941: Exile.
His return from the Netherlands, he was offered admission Socialist Merdeka (Onafhankelijke Socialistische Partij, OSP) to become a member of the Dutch parliament, and a heated debate in Indonesia at the time. Party OSP telegram sent on December 6, 1932, which contains a willingness to accept the nomination of members of Parliament. This is because he believes that he does not agree to the Indonesia became a member of the Dutch parliament. Actually, he refused to go, saying he needs to be and fight in Indonesia. However, reports in Indonesia said that Hatta accept such a position, so that Soekarno accused him of inconsistency in running the non-cooperative system.After returning from the Netherlands Hatta, Sjahrir could not get to the Netherlands because both trigger the Dutch captured on February 25, 1934 and exiled to Digul, and then to Banda Neira. Both in Digul and Banda Neira, he has written in the newspapers Jakarta, and there is also for magazines in Medan. The article was not too political, but it is better to analyze and educate the reader. He also discussed the fight a lot of power in the Pacific.
During exiled to Digul, he brought all of his books into exile. There, he set time everyday. At the time of going to read, he did not want to be disturbed. Thus, some of his friends consider him arrogant. He also is a person who cares about prisoners. He refused to cooperate with the local authorities, for example to combat malaria. If he cooperated, he was given a salary f 7:50 month. However, if not, he was only given a salary f 2:50 only. His salary was not he spend his own. She also cares for his deficiency.
In Digul, in addition to farming, he also made courses to prisoners. Among the detainees, there are some people who are praying and fasting regularly; both of Minangkabau and Banten. But, they were arrested because -at generally-engage the communist insurgency. At that time, he wrote a letter to law to send woodworking tools such as nails and saws. In addition, he also told the fate of the exiles in the letter. Then, in law Hatta sent the letter to the newspaper in Jakarta and immediately view the letter was published. The letter was read at the time Minister of Colonies, Colijn. Colijn criticized the government and immediately sent to meet Hatta Ambon resident in Digul. Then the money given to him, Hatta refused and he also requested that if you want plus, given also to the other leaders live in exile.
In 1937, he received a telegram saying he was moved from Digul to Banda Neira. Hatta moved along Syahrir in February of that year, and they rented a house big enough. In it, there are several rooms and the rooms were quite big. The large room was used to store the book and the place of work.
While in Banda Neira, he fished and wrote in the newspaper "Sin Tit Po" (led by Koen Hian Lim; monthly stop at 1938) with honoraria f 75 in Dutch. Later, he wrote in Commantaren Nationale (National Comment; led Sam Ratulangi) and also, he wrote in the paper Landscape with honoraria f 50 a month per one / two posts. Hatta also never received an offer Kiai Haji Mas Mansur on to Makassar, he refused to excuse himself to Makassara if he was a prisoner too. At that time, there have been Cipto Mangunkusumo and Iwa Kusumasumantri. They all know each other.
Moreover, in Banda Neira, Hatta also taught to some young people. Children's dr. Cipto learn book-keeping and history. There are also children of Banda Neira native who learned to Hatta. There was an acquaintance Hatta of West Sumatra that sent two of his nephew to study economics and history. In addition, from Bukittinggi Sutan Anwar Saidi sent four young men to learn to Hatta.
In 1941, Mohammad Hatta write newspaper articles whose contents view that the Indonesian people do not show partiality to either to the West or Japanese fascism. Later, at the time of writing Hatta Japan used as ingredients by Japanese authorities not to believe Hatta during the Pacific War. Which, later writing Hatta read Murase, a deputy head of Kenpeitei (intelligence services) and suggest Hatta to follow Sheisin Nippon in Tokyo in November 1943.
1942-1945: Japanese Occupation.
On December 8, 1941, the Japanese army attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. This triggered the Pacific War, and after Pearl Harbor, the Japanese soon took control of the region, including Indonesia. At this juncture, the Government of the Netherlands ordered to move the exiles from Digul to Australia, for fear of cooperation with Japan. Hatta and Sjahrir were transferred in February 1942, to Sukabumi after day stay in Surabaya and take the train to Jakarta. Together these two men, also participated in the 3 children of Banda used as a foster child by the Ambassador.After that, he was brought back to Jakarta. He met Major General Harada. Hatta asked Japanese desire to come to Indonesia. Harada offered to cooperate with Hatta. If you want, he will be given important positions. Hatta refused, and choosing an adviser. He made advisor and was given an office in the East and home Pegangsaan in Oranje Boulevard (Jalan Diponegoro). Famous people before the war, both the movements, or those who cooperate with the Netherlands, be included as Abdul Karim Pringgodigdo, Surachman, Sujitno Mangunkususmo, Sunarjo Kolopaking, Supomo, and Sumargo Djojohadikusomo. At this time, he got a lot of new personnel. Work here is a suggestion by the Japanese. Japan expects that Hatta providing advice in their favor, even Hatta use of it to defend the interests of the people.
1945: Preparing for the independence of the Republic of Indonesia.
Moments approached Proclamation on June 22, 1945, Committee for Preparatory Work for Indonesian Independence (BPUPKI) formed a small committee called Committee of Nine with the task of processing the origin and concept of their members on the basis of the Indonesian state. The small committee consisting of nine members led by Ir. Sukarno. Other members of Bung Hatta, Yamin Mohammad, Ahmad Soebardjo, A.A. Maramis, Abdulkahar Muzakir, Wahid Hasyim, H. Agus Salim, and Abikusno Tjokrosujoso.Then on August 9, 1945, Bung Hatta Bung Karno and Radjiman Wedyodiningrat invited to Dalat (Vietnam) to be appointed as Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI). The agency is in charge of continuing the work BPUPKI and prepare the transfer of power on the part of Japan to Indonesia. Inauguration is done directly by the Chief of General Terauchi Southeast Asia. The climax on August 16, 1945, there was a day when the events Rengasdengklok Bung Karno Bung Hatta were kidnapped to the small town Rengasdengklok (near Karawang, West Java).
The kidnapping was carried out by the youth, in order to accelerate the date of the proclamation of Indonesian independence. At night, they held a preparatory meeting for the proclamation of Indonesian Independence at the residence of Admiral Tadashi Maeda at Jalan Imam Bonjol 1 Jakarta. Before the meeting, they met somabuco (head of general administration) Maj Nishimura to determine the position on the implementation of the proclamation of Indonesian independence. The meeting did not produce agreement so the lack of understanding that convinced them both to implement the proclamation of independence was no longer linked with Japan.
1945-1956: Being the first vice president in Indonesia.
On August 17, 1945, a day that is eagerly awaited by all the Indonesian people he was with Sukarno formally declared independence in Pegangsaan East Jakarta pk10.00 56 pm. And the next day on August 18, 1945, he was formally elected as the first Vice President who accompanied President Soekarno.During her time as Vice-President, Bung Hatta was so persistent even in a tone very angry, save the Republic by maintaining manuscript Linggajati in Plenary Session KNIP in Malang held on 25 February to 6 March 1947 and the results Linggadjati Agreement is accepted by the Central Indonesian National Committee (KNIP) so KNIP members to be rather lenient on March 6, 1947.
At the time of the Dutch Military Aggression on July 21, 1947, Hatta could escape from the siege of the Netherlands and at that time he was still in Siantar. He safely along with Sumatra Governor Mr. T. Hassan arrived in London. Earlier on July 12, 1947 Bung Hatta first Cooperative Congress held in Tasikmalaya. On the same day, the Day of Cooperatives established and Bung Hatta Indonesia set as the father of Indonesian Cooperatives.
Then, Bung Hatta with his dignity as Vice President wanted menggoalkan Renville agreement with the Cabinet Amir resulting in the fall and was replaced by Cabinet Hatta. In the era of the Hatta Cabinet formed on January 29, 1948, Bung Hatta became Prime Minister and concurrently served as Minister of Defense.
The heat of time arises PKI rebellion in Madiun in September 1948, culminating in the invasion of Dutch soldiers to Yogyakarta on December 19, 1948. Bung Hatta Bung Karno transported by Dutch soldiers on the same day. In the same year, Bung Hatta Bung Karno exiled to Menumbing, Bangka. Some time after the exile because of the existence of a negotiation Three-State Commission (KTN) in Kaliurang, where Critchley come to represent Australia and Cochran represented the United States.
Mohammad Hatta Addressing the participants of the National Preparatory Conference in Jakarta on November 26, 1949. It appears Sartono (no.2 sitting front row from left) listened intently.
In July 1949, there was a victory in completing negotiations Cochran Indonesia. This year, there was an important negotiation, the Round Table Conference (RTC) which was held in The Hague after deliberating for three months, on December 27, 1949 the sovereignty of the Homeland at our disposal forever. Queen Juliana signaled Dutch recognition of Indonesian sovereignty unconditionally states except West Irian to be negotiated again within a year after recognition of Sovereignty to the Bung Hatta who acted as Chairman of the Delegation of the Republic of Indonesia in Amsterdam and Jakarta.
In Amsterdam on Queen Juliana to Drs. Mohammad Hatta and Jakarta from Dr. Lovink representing the Netherlands to the lane IX. So in the end the state of Indonesia became the Republic of Indonesia (RIS), Bung Hatta was elected as Prime Minister RIS also served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of RIS and domiciled in Jakarta and Bung Karno became President RIS. Turns RIS does not last long, and on August 17, 1950, Indonesia became the Unitary Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) with a capital of Jakarta with Prime Minister Moh. Natsir. Bung Hatta as Vice President again and served back to the house at Jalan Medan Merdeka Selatan 13 Jakarta.
Vice President Moh.Hatta working visit to Yogyakarta in 1950. Seen in the picture, far left, Mayor Pranoto Reksosamodra as the military commander of the Great City of Yogyakarta.
In 1955, Mohammad Hatta made the statement that if parliament and the constituent people's choice has been formed, he would resign. According to him, in a country that has a parliamentary cabinet, the Head of State is merely symbolic, so that the Vice President is no longer needed.
On July 20, 1956, Mohammad Hatta wrote a letter to Speaker of the House at the time, Sartono which among other things, "Freedom, Herewith I hereby respectfully, that now, after the House of Representatives are elected by the people to work, and the Constituent according people's choice has been arranged, the time has come for me to resign as vice president. Immediately, after the Constituent Assembly was sworn in, I will resign officially. "
DPR politely declining the request Mohammad Hatta, by silencing the letter. Then, on November 23, 1956, Bung Hatta wrote follow-up with the same content, that on December 1, 1956, he would quit as Vice President. Finally, at a meeting of the House of Representatives on November 30, 1956, the House of Representatives finally approved the request Mohammad Hatta to resign from his position as Vice President, positions that have been held for 11 years.
At the end of 1956 as well, Hatta no longer in line with the Bung Karno because he did not want to enter the communist elements in the cabinet at the time. Before he departed, he earned a doctorate honouris causa of the University of Gajah Mada, Yogyakarta. Actually honouris causa doctorate wish was granted in 1951. However, the new title is awarded on November 27, 1956. Similarly, the University of Indonesia in 1951 has expressed interest in it but Bung Hatta has not been willing to accept. He said, "Later when I was 60 years old.".
1956-1980: After his retirement.
Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX who also served as the Vice President was serious talk with Mohammad Hatta.After retreating from his position as Vice President on December 1, 1956, he and his family moved home from Jalan Medan Merdeka Selatan 13 to 57. Bung Hatta Jalan Diponegoro never regret the decisions he has made. The daily activities Bung Hatta after retirement is to add income to write a book and teach. Although he was no longer serving as Vice President, in 1957, he went to China for an invitation from the Government of the PRC. People there still regard him as "a great son of his country", as evidenced by the welcome that should be given to a head of state in which Prime Minister Zhou Enlai himself he is no longer welcome as a vice president.
They were busy during the Revolution were reunited in 1979 when Richard C. Kirby, who used to represent Australia in the UN Good Offices Committee for Indonesia (KTN), a visit to Jakarta. From right: Ali Budiardjo (political aide Hamengkubuwono IX ahead RIS), Mohammad Hatta, Richard C. Kirby, Mohammad Roem, Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX, Subadio Sastrosatomo, Mohammad Natsir, Tamzil, and Thomas K. Critchley who replaced Kirby in the UN Committee.
When President Sukarno was at the peak of his power in 1963, Bung Hatta first fell ill and need treatment in Sweden because of medical supplies there is more complete. Around 1965, Bung Hatta often become the playthings of political attacks PKI.
On January 31, 1970, through Presidential Decree No. 12/1970 has established four Commission tasked to investigate the problem of corruption. For this purpose Dr. Moh. Hatta (former Vice President) has been appointed as Adviser to the President in matters of combating corruption. Four-Committee is chaired by Wilopo, SH, with members: IJ Kasimo, Prof. Dr. John H. Anwar Tjokroaminoto, the secretary of the Head of Bakin / Secretary Kopkamtib, Maj. Sutopo Sudarsono. Dr. Moh. Hatta was also appointed as Advisor to the four Commission.
Hatta trusted by President Soeharto to become a Member of the Presidential Advisory Council. On August 15, 1972, Bung Hatta were favored with Star of the Republic Indonesia Class I of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia. Then, in the same year Jakarta Provincial Government appointed him as a citizen of a major capital city of Jakarta with all the amenities, such as pension and determination of magnitude improvement house he became one of the historic buildings in Jakarta.
Then, in 1975, Bung Hatta became a member of Committee of Five, together with Prof. Mr. Soebardjo, Prof. Mr. Sunario, A.A. Maramis, and Prof Mr. Pringgodigdo to give an understanding of Pancasila in accordance with the nature of mind and spirit inwardly and outwardly of the drafters of the 1945 Constitution and Pancasila. Apparently, Bung Hatta officially became Chairman of the Committee Lima. Not only that, Bung Hatta regained honouris causa doctorate as a proclaimer of the University of Indonesia should be given in 1951. Granting the title in Jakarta on July 30, 1975 and granted by the Rector Mahar Mardjono. And in 1979, the year in which the year-to-5 Bung Hatta admission to hospital. Bung Hatta declining health. However, his spirits remain high. He still follow the development of world politics.
Died.
Hatta died on March 14, 1980 pk18.56 at Cipto Mangunkusumo after eleven days he was treated there. During his life, Bung Hatta has been hospitalized 6 times in 1963, 1967, 1971, 1976, 1979, and the last on March 3, 1980. The next day, he was buried at his residence in Jalan Diponegoro 57, Jakarta and was interred in the cemetery Land coachman Jakarta were greeted with a state ceremony led directly by the Vice President at the time, Adam Malik. He set out as a hero who proclaimed in 1986 by the Soeharto government.The title of hero.
After his death, the Government granted the title Hero of the Bung Hatta proclaimed on October 23, 1986 along with the late Bung Karno. On November 7, 2012, Bung Hatta formally along with Bung Karno established by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono as a National Hero.Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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name: Bambang Sunarno.
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Date Published: 19 April 2016 at 18:17
