President of Indonesia 3rd
Length of service
May 21, 1998 - October 20, 1999.
Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie, FREng (born in Pare-Pare, South Sulawesi, June 25, 1936, age 79 years) was the third President of the Republic of Indonesia. He replaced Soeharto who resigned from the presidency on May 21, 1998. His position was replaced by Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur) who was elected president on October 20, 1999 by the Assembly election results of 1999. With the office for 2 months and 7 days as vice president, and 1 year and 5 months as president, Habibie was the Vice President and also President of Indonesia with the shortest tenure. This time his name immortalized as the name of one of the universities in Gorontalo, replacing the name of the State University of Gorontalo.
Family and education.
Habibie was the fourth of eight children, couples Alwi and R.A. Tuti Marini Puspowardojo. Her father, who works as an agricultural expert ethnic Bugis Gorontalo and have offspring, while the mother of Javanese ethnicity. R.A. Tuti Marini Puspowardojo is the son of an eye specialist in Yogya, and his father called Puspowardjojo served as school owners.B.J. Habibie was married to Hasri Ainun Habibie on May 12, 1962, and had two sons, namely Ilham Akbar Habibie and Thareq Kemal Habibie.
He never knowledgeable in SMAK Dago. He studied mechanical engineering at the University of Indonesia, Bandung (Now the Bandung Institute of Technology) in 1954. In 1955-1965 he went on to study aeronautical engineering, aircraft construction specialties, at the RWTH Aachen, West Germany, received a Diplom Ingenieur degree in 1960 and doctorate Ingenieur in 1965 with summa cum laude.
Jobs and careers.
Habibie had worked at Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm, an airline company based in Hamburg, Germany, to reach the peak of his career as a vice president of technology. In 1973, he returned to Indonesia at the request of former President Suharto.He later served as Minister of Research and Technology from 1978 to March 1998. Prior to serving as President (May 21 1998-20 October 1999), B.J. Habibie was the Vice President (March 14, 1998 - May 21 1998) in the Seventh Development Cabinet under President Soeharto. He was appointed chairman of ICMI (Association of Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals), in his tenure as minister.
Presidential period.
Habibie inherited condition chaotic state of the country after the resignation of Suharto in the new order, causing widespread riots and disintegerasi almost the entire territory of Indonesia. Soon after gaining power President Habibie quickly assembled a cabinet. One important task is to go back to get support from the International Monetary Fund and the community of donor countries for the economic recovery program. He also frees political prisoners and reduce controls on freedom of speech and activities of the organization.In the era of his short reign he managed to give a firm foundation for Indonesia, the era was born the Anti Monopoly Law or Unfair Competition Law, changes to the Law of Political Parties and the most important is the decentralization laws. Through the implementation of the regional autonomy law is turmoil disintegration inherited from the New Order era and finally completed successfully suppressed in the era of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, in the absence of regional autonomy laws can be sure Indonesia will suffer the same fate as the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia.
Appointment B.J. Habibie as president cause various controversies for the people of Indonesia. The pro consider the appointment of Habibie constitutional. This is in accordance with the provisions of Article 8 UUD 1945 which states that "if the President die, stop, or can not perform his duty in his term, he was replaced by Vice-President until the expiry time". While the counter parties consider that the appointment B.J. Habibie was considered unconstitutional. This is contrary to the provisions of Article 9 UUD 1945 which states that "before the president took office, the president must take an oath or affirmation before the Assembly or the House of Representatives".
The measures undertaken BJ Habibie in politics is:
Give freedom to the people's aspirations so many emerging new political parties that as many as 48 political parties
Freeing political prisoners (detainees) as Sri Bintang Pamungkas (former member of Parliament who went to prison for criticizing President Soeharto) and Muchtar Pakpahan (labor leader who was sentenced for allegedly fueling the unrest in Medan in 1994)
Lifted a ban on the establishment of independent trade unions
Forming three democratic legislation, namely:
UU no. 2 of 1999 on Political Parties
UU no. 3 of 1999 on General Election
UU no. 4 of 1999 on the Status Structure DPR / MPR
Set 12 MPR decree, and there are four provisions which reflect the responses of the demands for reform, namely:
MPR Decree No. VIII / MPR / 1998, concerning the revocation Tap # IV / MPR / 1983 on Referendum
MPR Decree No. XVIII / MPR / 1998, concerning the revocation of the MPR Decree No. II / MPR / 1978 on Pancasila as the sole basis
MPR Decree No. XII / MPR / 1998, concerning the revocation of the MPR Decree No. V / MPR / 1978 on a mandate from the President of the Assembly to have the rights and policy beyond the limits of law
MPR Decree No. XIII / MPR / 1998 on the restriction of the term of office of President and Vice-President of a maximum of two terms.
12 MPR decree, among others:
MPR Decree No. X / MPR / 1998, on the main points of reform and development in order to rescue the normalization of national life as a state policy
MPR Decree No. XI / MPR / 1998 on the implementation of state clean and free of corruption, collusion, and nepotism
MPR Decree No. XIII / MPR / 1998 on presidential term limits and the vice president of the Republic of Indonesia
MPR Decree No. XV / MPR / 1998 on the implementation of regional autonomy
MPR Decree No. XVI / MPR / 1998 on economic policy in the context of economic democracy
MPR Decree No. XVII / MPR / 1998 on Human Rights (HAM)
MPR Decree No. VII / MPR / 1998 on changes and additions on MPR Decree No. I / MPR / 1998 on disciplinary rules MPR
MPR Decree No. XIV / MPR / 1998 on General Election
MPR Decree No. III / V / MPR / 1998 on referendum
MPR Decree No. IX / MPR / 1998 on guidelines
MPR Decree No. XII / MPR / 1998, concerning the provision of duty and special powers to the President / Mandatory of the Assembly in order to succeed and securing national development as the Pancasila
MPR Decree No. XVIII / MPR / 1998 on Guidelines revocation The Pancasila (P4)
In the economic field, he managed to cut off the exchange rate against the dollar is still ranging between Rp 10,000 - Rp 15,000. But at the end of his reign, especially after the Assembly rejected accountability, the exchange rate meteoric rise in the level of Rp 6,500 per US dollar value will never be reached again in the next era. In addition, he also started to apply the independence of Bank Indonesia to better focus on taking care of the economy. To resolve the financial crisis and the economic recovery of Indonesia, BJ Habibie perform the following steps:
Restructuring and banking recapitulation through the establishment of IBRA and the State Asset Management unit
Liquidate some troubled banks
Raising the rupiah exchange rate against the dollar to below Rp. 10,000.00
Establish a monitoring agency and the settlement of foreign debts
Implement the economic reforms required by the IMF
Passed Law No. 5 of 1999 on Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Competition
Passed Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection
According to the opposition, one of the biggest mistakes that he did while serving as President is to allow the holding of a referendum province of East Timor (now Timor Leste). He filed the public quite shocking at the time, which conducted a poll for the people of East Timor to choose independence or remains part of Indonesia. At the time of his presidency, East Timor separated from the Republic of Indonesia and became a separate sovereign state on 30 August 1999. The liberation of East Timor on the one hand was regretted by most citizens of Indonesia, on the other hand, clearing Indonesia is often tainted by allegations human rights violations in East Timor.
Cases that encourages opposition parties who are not satisfied with the background of the more enterprising Habibie dropped. These efforts finally succeeded when the General Assembly in 1999, he decided not to run again after his accountability report was rejected by the Assembly.
This view of the Habibie government in the early era of reform tends to be negative, but in line with the time many positive rate his administration. One of the positive outlook was raised by L. Misbah Hidayat in his book Administrative Reform: A Comparative Study of Three Presidential Administration.
"The vision, mission and leadership of President Habibie in implementing the reform agenda can not be separated from his life experiences. Every decision is based on factors that can be measured. So no wonder every policy taken sometimes makes people shocked and did not understand. In fact, most people assume the Habibie apolitical and callous. Habibie leadership pattern as it was understandable considering educational background as a doctorate in the field of aircraft construction. In connection with the spirit of democratization, Habibie has made changes to build a government that is transparent and dialogue. The principle of democracy is also applied in the economic policies accompanied by law enforcement and is intended for the welfare of the people. In managing the day-to-haripun cabinet, Habibie make big changes. It increases coordination and remove egosentisme sekotral interministerial. In addition a number of creative coloring Habibie leadership style in dealing with the nation. To overcome the economic problems, for example, he raised the businessman became a special envoy. And the entrepreneurs themselves who bear the costs. The task is very important, because one of the government's weakness is the lack of the real Indonesia to explain the circumstances in the international community. Meanwhile the press, especially the foreign press, impressed only expose the negative news about Indonesia so it is not balanced in its reporting. "
Post-presidency period.
Once he was out of office as president, he has more to stay in Germany than in Indonesia. But when the era Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, he was again active as an adviser to the president to oversee the process of democratization in Indonesia through the organization he founded Habibie Center.B.J. Habibie also served as President Commissioner of PT. Regio Aviation Industry, aircraft design company R-80.
Publication.
Habibie works.
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Aeronautical Science and Technology of Indonesia / B. J. Habibie; B. Laschka [Editors]. Indonesian Aeronautical and Astronautical Institute; Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt 1986Eine Berechnungsmethode zum Voraussagen des Fortschritts von Rissen und unter beliebigen Belastungen Vergleiche mit entsprechenden Versuchsergebnissen, Presentation at the Symposium DGLR in Baden-Baden, 11-13 October 1971
Beitrag zur Temperaturbeanspruchung der orthotropen Kragscheibe, Dissertation at the RWTH Aachen, 1965
Sophisticated technologies: taking root in developing countries, the International journal of technology management: IJTM. - Geneva-Aeroport: Inderscience Enterprises Ltd., 1990
Einführung in die Methode finite Elementen, Teil 1, Hamburger Flugzeugbau GmbH, 1968
Entwicklung eines Verfahrens zur Bestimmung des Rißfortschritts in Schalenstrukturen, Hamburger Flugzeugbau GmbH, Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 1970
Berechnungsverfahrens zur Entwicklung eines der Bestimmung Rißfortschrittsgeschwindigkeit an A1-Legierungen Schalenstrukturen aus und Titanium, Hamburger Flugzeugbau GmbH, Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 1969
Seconds That Define - Indonesia's Long Road to Democracy, 2006 (memoir about the events of 1998)
Habibie and Ainun, The Habibie Center Mandiri 2009 (the memory of Ainun Habibie)
N-250 aircraft Gatot Kaca.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
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Date Published: 28 April 2016 at 09:31
