Sunda Strait
Krakatau eruption caused global climate change. The world was dark for two and a half days due to volcanic ash that covered the atmosphere. The sun shines dim until next year. Scattering of dust visible in the sky Norway to New York.The Krakatoa explosion is still less than the eruption of Mount Toba and Tambora in Indonesia, Mount Tanpo in New Zealand and Mount Katmal in Alaska. However, these mountains erupted deep in a time when the human population is still very small. Meanwhile, when Krakatoa erupted, the human population is quite dense, science and technology has evolved, the telegraph was invented, and the submarine cable has been installed. Thus it can be said that the current information technology is growing and developing rapidly.
Noted that the eruption of Krakatoa was the first major disaster in the world after the discovery of the submarine telegraph. Progress is, unfortunately, not been matched by progress in the field of geology. The geologist was even able to give an explanation of these eruptions. Mount Krakatoa erupted, the tremors felt to Europe.
Development of Mount Krakatau
Mount Krakatau Purba.
Seeing the area of Mount Krakatau in the Sunda Strait, experts estimate that in ancient times there is an enormous mountain in the Sunda Strait which finally erupted explosively leaving a caldera (crater large) called Mount Krakatau Ancient, which is the parent of Mount Krakatoa erupted in 1883. The mountain is composed of andesitic rocks.Notes on Ancient Krakatoa eruption taken from an Old Javanese text entitled Pustaka Raja Parwa dating from the year 416 AD. Among other things, stated:
"There was the sound of thunder from Mount Batuwara. There is also shaking the earth scary, total darkness, thunder and lightning. Then came the wind and rain storms were terrible and the whole storm darkens the whole world. A big flood came from Mount Batuwara and flow east toward Mount Kamula .... When the water drowning, Java island separated into two, creating islands of Sumatra "
Geologist Berend George Escher and some other experts argue that natural events are told from Mount Krakatau Purba, which in the text called Mount Batuwara. According to the book Pustaka Raja Parwa, Ancient Krakatoa's height reaches 2,000 meters above sea level, and the circle of beach reached 11 kilometers.
As a result of the great explosion, three-quarters were destroyed, leaving the body of Ancient Krakatoa caldera (crater large) in the Sunda Strait. The sides or edges of the crater known as Rakata and Sertung Long Island, in another note referred to as Rakata, Rakata Small and Sertung. The explosion was allegedly responsible for the occurrence of the dark ages on earth. Bubonic plague disease occurs due to the temperature cools. This plague has significantly reduced the number of people on earth.
The eruption is also considered to be contributing on the end of the heyday of ancient Persia, the transmutation of the Roman Empire to the Byzantine Empire, the end of the civilization of South Arabia, the extinction of a large Maya city, Tikal and the collapse of the Nazca civilization in South America is full of puzzles. Ancient Krakatoa explosion is estimated to last for 10 days at an estimated speed of vomit mass reach 1 million tons per second. The blast has formed a shield 20-150 meter thick atmosphere, lowering the temperature by 5-10 degrees for 10-20 years.
The emergence of Krakatoa.
Rakata, which is one of three the rest of the island of Krakatoa Purba then grow in accordance with the encouragement of the volcanic bowels of the earth, known as Mount Krakatoa (or Mount Rakata) made of basaltic rock. Later, two volcanoes emerging from the crater, called Mount Danan and Mount Perbuwatan which is then fused with Mount Rakata appeared first. Unity is the third volcano called Mount Krakatau.Mount Krakatoa erupted in 1680 produced andesitic lava acid. Then in 1880, Mount Perbuwatan actively secretes though not erupt lava. After that time, no longer Krakatau volcanic activity on until May 20, 1883. On that day, after 200 years of sleep, a small explosion at Krakatoa. That would be the early signs of the massive eruption in the Sunda Strait. This small explosion was followed by a small eruption that peaked on 26-27 August 1883.
1883 eruption of Krakatoa.
On the day Monday, August 27, 1883, at exactly 10:20, an explosion on the mountain. According to Simon Winchester, a geologist graduated from Britain's Oxford University who is also the author of National Geographic said that the blast was the biggest, the loudest and the most devastating volcanic events in modern human history. Letusannya voice heard up to 4,600 km from the center of the explosion and can even be heard by 1/8 of the earth's population at that time.According to researchers at the University of North Dakota, along with the explosion of Krakatoa explosion of Tambora (1815) recorded a value Volcanic explosivity index (VEI), the largest in modern history. The Guinness Book of Records recorded the explosion of Krakatoa as the most powerful explosion in recorded history.
Krakatoa explosion had been throwing stones pumice and volcanic ash with a volume of 18 cubic kilometers. A burst of dust vulkanisnya reach 80 km. Hard objects that flew into the air it falls on the plains of Java and Sumatra, even to Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan, Australia and New Zealand.
The eruption destroyed Danan Mountains, Mount Perbuwatan and part of Mount Rakata where half cone lost, making the basin width of 7 km and a depth of 250 meters. Tsunami (ocean waves) rose as high as 40 meters of destroyed villages and whatever is in the coastal area. The tsunami was caused not just because of the eruption but also submarine landslide.
Noted the death toll reached 36,417 people came from 295 villages coastal areas ranging from Merak Cilegon until Cilamaya in Karawang, the west coast of Banten to Tanjung Layar in Panaitan Island (Ujung Kulon and parts of Sumatra south. In Ujungkulon, flood entrance to 15 km to the west. the next day until a few days later, residents of Jakarta and Lampung hinterland no longer see the sun. tsunami caused even creeping up into the coast of Hawaii, Central America and the west coast of the Arabian Peninsula are 7 thousand kilometers away.
Child of Krakatau.
Starting in 1927, or approximately 40 years after the eruption of Mount Krakatau, a volcano that emerged is known as Anak Krakatau of the ancient caldera region is still active and still growing in height. High growth speed of about 0.5 meters (20 inches) per month. Every year it becomes higher at about 6 meters (20 feet) and a width of 12 meters (40 feet). Another note to mention the height is about 4 centimeters per year and if calculated, then within 25 years of the addition of high-achieving children Rakata 190 meters (7,500 inches or 500 feet) higher than the previous 25 years. The cause of the high mountain was caused by the material that comes out of the belly of the new mountain. Currently, the height of Anak Krakatau reach about 230 meters above sea level, while Mount Krakatau previously had a height of 813 meters above sea level.According to Simon Winchester, despite what happened in the life of Krakatau which used to be very frightening realities of geology, seismic and tectonic in Java and Sumatra strange will ensure that what used to happen at some point will happen again. No one knows exactly when the Son of Krakatoa to erupt. Some geologists predict these eruptions will occur between 2015-2083. But the effect of the earthquake in the Indian Ocean base at December 26, 2004 can not be overlooked.
According to Professor Ueda Nakayama one expert Japanese national volcano, Anak Krakatau is still active and relatively safe although there are often small eruptions, there are only certain times of the tourists are prohibited from approaching the area because of the danger of lava that spewed out of the volcano. Other experts claim there is no plausible theory of Anak Krakatau will re-erupt. Even if there are at least 3 or more centuries after 2325 AD But clearly, the number of victims affected more powerful than the previous eruptions. Anak Krakatau today by the general public is better known as "Krakatoa" also, though in fact is a new mountain that grows after the previous eruption.
The history of Mount Krakatau.
What are your minds when they hear the word "Krakatoa"? Surely directly terbesit the terrifying eruption that occurred in 1883 in the Sunda Strait. On this occasion, I am keen to discuss the history of the mountain of Krakatoa.
The eruption of Mount Krakatau history.
Krakatau island used to be a form of active volcanic mountain located in the Sunda Strait, between the islands of Sumatra and Java. Mount Krakatau has existed since ancient times and never eruption. Based on wikipedia site, a note of Ancient Krakatoa eruption taken from an Old Javanese text entitled Pustaka Raja Parwa dating from the year 416 AD. Among other things, stated:"There was the sound of thunder from Mount Batuwara. There is also shaking the earth scary, total darkness, thunder and lightning. Then came the wind and rain storms were terrible and the whole storm darkens the whole world. A big flood came from Mount Batuwara and flow east toward Mount Kamula .... When the water drowning, Java island separated into two, creating islands of Sumatra "
Based on the records of the ancient Javanese texts, ancient Krakatoa estimated altitude as high as 2000 m. Wikipedia also notes that the eruption of Krakatoa ancient is also considered to be contributing on the end of the heyday of Persian ancient, transmutation of the Roman Empire to the Byzantine Empire, the end of the civilization of South Arabia, the extinction of large cities Maya, Tikal and the fall of civilization Nazca in South America is full of puzzles. Ancient Krakatoa explosion is estimated to last for 10 days at an estimated speed of vomit mass reach 1 million tons per second. The blast has formed a shield 20-150 meter thick atmosphere, lowering the temperature by 5-10 degrees for 10-20 years.
Krakatau ancient eruptions that occurred in the hundreds of thousands of years ago, crushing and drowning 2/3 of ancient Krakatoa. As a result of the eruption, leaving three islands, namely the island of Rakata, Round Length, and Sertung. Growth lava that occur within the caldera rakata forming two new volcanic island, that Danan and Deeds.
Before the 1883 Krakatau.
On August 27, 1883, eruption mahadahsyat (scale VEI / Volcano Eruption Index = 6.0) which destroyed 60% of the body of Krakatoa in the middle, forming a hole caldera 7 km long and leaving three small islands, namely the island of Rakata, Sertung and Islands Long. Krakatau eruption can be heard up to 4600 km. Krakatoa explosion had been throwing stones pumice and volcanic ash with a volume of 18 cubic kilometers. A burst of dust vulkanisnya reach 80 km. Hard objects that flew into the air it falls on the plains of Java and Sumatra, even to Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan, Australia and New Zealand. The impact of the eruption of Krakatoa is carrying the death toll reached 36,417 people and sending a tsunami. Krakatau volcanic activity began three months earlier. "The catastrophic eruption ensued ... lumps of ash gushed into the air as high as 70 kilometers, accompanied by a tsunami. 40-meter waves sweep away the beach next to Sumatra and Java in the Sunda Strait.In 1927, approximately 43 years after Mount Krakatoa erupted, emerging from ancient caldera volcano is still active. High growth speed of about 20 inches per month. Every year it becomes higher at about 20 feet. Altitude krakatau children today is 450 meters. But for the tourists, since the eruption of the Child of Krakatoa in 2011, the tourists are not able to go to the top of the Krakatoa. Currently, tourists can climb the mountain only child of Krakatoa to a height of about 200 meters / the last post.
Natural succession at Anak Krakatau.
The colonization of plant and animal species on the island of Rakata, Panjang, and Sertung been running long enough. As for the Krakatau child alone in a new place on a few decades later (about 75 years later). On the island of Krakatoa child, the child of Krakatoa ridge of no plant life due to high temperatures and lack of water. But in the area can be found pioneer plants such as reed (Saccharum spontaneum) are symbiotic with Azospirillum lippoferrum. At the bottom of which has been overgrown with reeds in a process of weathering of sand around which later grew kinds Melastoma affine and other types of plants.Based on existing records, there are currently some 206 plant species as there are fungi, 13 species Lichenes, 61 species of ferns and 257 species Spermatophyta. For animals, there were rats and bats to mammals and 40 species of birds / poultry / aves, like Centropus bengalensis, Falco severus, Plegadis sp. Pet reptiles are lizards, turtles and snakes.
Anak Krakatau began to be excellent for the domestic tourists, especially tourists from the Greater Jakarta, Banten and Lampung. Anak Krakatau began ogled because the location is not so far away and offers a view that is not less interesting than Bromo and Semeru. Many tourists who want to set foot for a closer look at the child of Krakatoa, and know as well as information from local volcanology agency about the history and development of the child of Krakatoa Krakatoa. Travelers usually will visit various destinations in the islands near the child of Krakatoa and tourists can stay (homestay) on the island Sebesi. The journey from the island Sebesi towards Anak Krakatau taken approximately 90-120 minutes by boat.
When your ship docked on the island of Krakatoa child, you will see the black sand beach. Most likely, the sand is sand eruption of Krakatoa. Not far from the boat dock area, there is a monument of the nature reserve of Krakatoa and several signs and the introduction of the Krakatoa.
Note carefully the warning signs and restrictions are there for you to visit in this world heritage area. Every rating required to comply with any applicable regulations and maintain the cleanliness of the area as well as carrying and regional environmental damage.
Note that in this area there is no signal in addition to the freeway and just being around the first post (cottage) Natural Resources Conservation Agency of Lampung Province. Clean water was not there. If you want to urinate and defecate, you should take the sea water prior to use in the bathroom perfunctory which is behind the cottage KSDA Lampung or use the old-fashioned way by digging a hole and close it immediately after completion. To drink was, the guard KSDA Lampung, bringing clean water and drinking in the stock during the week. If the water is less, the officer will usually get their water from the nearby island of springs Sertung or Sebesi Island.
In children krakatau, there monitor volcanic activity. In this area, the detection device using solar power cell to send information to the Agency and the Center for Volcanology Lampung. When an increase in volcanic activity Child of Krakatoa, the detector will immediately send the signals. Solar cells are used, there are two units with two batteries that are planted in the ground.
Unfortunately, tourists have been unable to climb to the top of the krakatau since 2011 due to volcanic activity Child of Krakatoa. Mountain heights Child of Krakatoa is currently about 450 meters since its inception in 1927, or in other words the child's height growth estimates krakatau about 5-6 meters per year. Mount Krakatau child will grow every year because it is still active and the activity of lava inside the volcano.
The tourists will be able to climb the mountain only child of Krakatoa to a height of about 200 meters which can be reached within 30-45 minutes until the last post ascent. When there are visitors, will usually be accompanied by the officers of KSDA Lampung assigned during the week alternately at Anak Krakatau Region.
From the last post Child of Krakatoa, you will see the mountain rakata, Sertung, and Long Island. The view from this last post was very indulgent eye. When traveling, do not forget to take some pictures as memories while in this world heritage area.
Thank you for reading this article. Written and posted by Bambang Sunarno. sunarnobambang86@gmail.com
author:
https://plus.google.com/105319704331231770941.
Name: Bambang Sunarno.
http://www.indonesiansocieti.blogspot.com/2016/05/mount-krakatau.html
DatePublished: May 31, 2016 at 10:09
